DENOMINATION

• Protombina,
• TP.

DEFINITION

The protombina time measures the facility of union of the Factors of the coagulation, I (fibrinógeno), Factor II (protombina), Factor V, Factor VII and Factor X. When some of these factors is altered the protombina time it gets longer.

WHY IS THE ANALYSIS REALIZED?

The coagulation is the result of a sequence of reactions which there influence several factors (Example: Factor I or fibrinógeno, Factor II or protrombina, and the factor XII or Hageman factor). These proteins take place in the liver and they are excreted to the blood. Some of these proteins, II, VII, IX and X, need vitamin K for his hepatic synthesis.

The Warfarina or cumarina is an anticoagulant that acts inhibiting the vitamin formation K and for it it inhibits the formation of certain factors of the coagulation, therefore it inhibits the coagulation.
When a textile is damaged the sequence of the coagulation begins, every sequence initiates the following one and the final score is the formation of a stopper of fibrin.
The factor X can be activated by two different sequences, which are called an extrinsic and intrinsic route of the coagulation.

The protombina time is used to evaluate the extrinsic system and the common route of the coagulation.

PROCEDURE OF SECURING

• To realize this analysis to be on an empty stomach is not needed.
• They can interfere the result the treatments with anticoagulants (heparina, cumaroles). There are medicines that lengthen the protombina time, the alopurinol, the aspirin, the penicilinas, the clorpromacina, the colestiramina, the cimetidina, the clofibrato, the quinines, quinidinas and the sulfonamidas.
• On the other hand there can shorten the time of protombina the anabolic steroids, the difenhidramina, the estrogen, the griseofulvina, and the contraceptive ones.
• It is necessary to bear in mind that certain hemoglobinopatías can modify the results.
• It is possible to realize the capture in an appropriate place (consultation, clinic, hospital) but sometimes it is realized in the proper domicile of the patient.
• To realize the capture it is needed of locating an appropriate vein and in general there are used the veins placed in the flexura of the elbow. The person entrusted to take the sample will use sanitary gloves, a needle (with a syringe or pipe of extraction).
• It will put a tortor (tape of gum - latex) in the arm so that the veins retain more blood and turn out to be more visible and accessible.
• It will clean the area of the prick with an antiseptic one and by means of a palpación it will locate the appropriate vein and will gain access to her with the needle. They will release the tortor.
• When the blood flows for the needle the sanitary one will realize an aspiration (by means of the syringe or by means of the application of a pipe with gap).
• On having finished the capture, it extracts the needle to itself and the area is pressed with a cotton or similar torunda to favor the coagulation and it will indicate him to itself that flexione the arm and the area pressed with a Band-Aid supports for some hours.
• The abstracted blood moves to the analysis laboratory in a special pipe for biochemistry, which contains an anticoagulant product. In general more than 10 milliliters of blood are not usually necessary for a standard battery of biochemical parameters.

PROBLEMS AND POSSIBLE RISKS

1. The securing by means of a prick of the vein can produce certain pain.
2. The possible difficulty in finding the appropriate vein can give place to several pricks.
3. Appearance of a haematoma (bruise or cardinal) in the extraction area, is due usually to the fact that the vein has not closed well after the later pressure and blood has kept on going out producing this problem. Type Hirudoid can apply an ointment to itself ® or Trombocid ® in the area.
4. Inflammation of the vein (phlebitis), sometimes the vein turns out to be shaken, well be for a cause merely physically or why it has become infected. It will have to support the relaxed area a few days and type Hirudoid can apply an ointment to itself ® or Trombocid ® in the area. If the problem persists or appears fever will have to consult it with his doctor.

Normal values: from 11 until 12,5 seconds.
In anticoagulant treatments: 1,5 to 2 times the normal values

In these values there can be certain differences for the skill or for proper criteria of normality of concrete laboratories, sometimes in the status of values and other times for the units to which one alludes.

EVALUATION OF ABNORMAL RESULTS

There appear developing levels of the time of protombina in:

WHAT DOCTOR CAN TREAT ME?

Select a province A Coruna Alava Albacete Alicante Almeria Asturias Avila Badajoz Barcelona Burgos Caceres Cadiz Cantabria Castellón Ciudad Real Cordova Cuenca Gipúzcoa Girona Granada Guadalajara Huelva Huesca Illes Balears Jaen La Rioja Las Palmas León Lleida Lugo Madrid Malaga Murcia Navarre Ourense Palencia Pontevedra Salamanca Santa Cruz Tenerife Segovia Seville Soria Tarragona Teruel Toledo Valencia Valladolid Biscay Zamora Saragossa

Service offered for