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 WHAT ARE THERE THE TESTS PSICOMÉTRICOS?
In psychology and psychiatry there are used often tests that are applied to the patients in order to obtain objective information of his personality, his conduct... There are instruments that stem from very complex studies, based on the statistics: from samples of many subjects there are created a few scales with which then there will be compared the punctuations of the evaluated subject. This way, if we know in advance that many already diagnosed depression persons have obtained the same punctuations as the evaluated subject, we can infer that our subject is very probable that he suffers depression. Nevertheless, because of the errors that in any ambience are commented in the measurement, the result of the test will always complement itself with other information sources like the therapy, the observation...
It is necessary to distinguish this type of tests that have been a ratification object for professionals of those that we are in the magazines. They have not absolutely anything in common. The making of a test psicométrico needs of many means, professionals, subjects of sample, complex statistical calculations, seriousness and can be truly extensive in the time. Also they have a few very specific norms of application and interpretation, and need a lot of knowledge, therefore they can only be applied by a professional.
It is very common that the psychologists use them in "selection of personnel". There are tests which target is to select workpeople according to the parameters that the company demands. These tests are designed bearing in mind that these subjects will always try to give a more positive image of himself in order to be selected. For it with questions which end is to measure the sincerity, for example.
One of the tests most used in many centers is the MMPI (Inventory multifásico of personality of Minnesota). It is designed by the whole committee to evaluate a big number of bosses of personality and emotional disorders. He had to be adapted to the Castilian, and for it they turned to do all the calculations with Spanish samples. It needs of commitment on the part of the evaluated one since it is provided with more than 500 items of real or false. Also there is necessary a level of studies of 2nd of the E.S.O to understand the language without problems. It measures between many other things, the depression, the paranoia, the schizophrenia, the anxiety...
Another very well-known example is the test of Intelligence C.I. (intellectual coefficient). It can only be applied up to 18 years and what it does is to measure the mental age of the subject comparing it with a big number of subjects. Once obtained it divides by the chronological age and multiplies for hundred. For it that person who has the same age chronological that mental will have a C.I. of 100, which is the normal thing.
It is necessary to bear in mind that not all the psychologists and psychiatrists are the measurement since some of them do not believe that the psychological characteristics are capable of being measurements. Also, some of them like the humanists, protest that we are too different as to be classifiable and that a "tag" one could put us. What is true is that the result of a test can be useful alone in the concrete moment because nothing in us is completely stable, the personality is not rigid, we change based on the events that are arising in our life, and that are shaping our character.
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