GENERAL INFOMACIÓN

One of the 1.000 newborn babies already suffers serious problems of auditory losses to the birth. The number of born with minor auditory losses is 2 to 3 times major. The auditory deficits of the infancy can give place to permanent alterations of the receptive and expressive language. The affectation that produces the deafness is major in the children with other sensory, linguistic or cognitive shortcomings than in those who, otherwise, are healthy.

CAUSES

• Earache comes up and his aftermath. Almost all the children experience auditory losses light or moderate, intermittent or continuous, due to the average earache. The serious or repeated infections can give place to permanent shortfalls. The earache comes up in more frequent in the children with craniofacial anomalies (for example, harelip), immune shortcomings, and exhibition to environmental factors of risk (for example, smoke of tobacco, nursery schools). The average earache is more frequent in the children than in the girls.

• Malformations of the external auditory conduit and of the average ear.

• Colesteatoma. It is a benign tumor of the auditory conduit, which originates especially from a not treated average earache, but which also can be congenital.

• Deafness neurosensitiva congenital. It can owe to multiple causes.

• Deafness neurosensitiva acquired, that can owe to

  • autoimmune disorders,
  • poisonous substances for the ear as the antibiotics aminoglucósidos or the aspirin (which effects are irreversible),
  • bacterial meningitis,
  • other congenital or acquired viral and bacterial infections,
  • sonorous traumatism too strong (noises)
  • cephalic traumatism that produce contusion or break of the temporary bone,
  • surgical interventions on the area (malformations...)

TREATMENT

• The target consists of achieving an ideal development of the language. In this sense, the first year of life is critical. As the children must hear to speak to be able to develop spontaneously the language, the deaf child will be able only to develop the language by means of special learning that must begin as soon as the deafness is identified. The deaf children must receive some form of linguistic impulses. For example, the visual language based on the signs can provide a foundation for the later development of the oral language.

• The permanent deafness produced by the average earache can improve by means of one earphone or surgery of the eardrum and/or of vegetations. The auditory losses of these patients improve neither the descongestivos nor the antibiotics.

• The deafness neurosensitivas improves with different types of earphones. The amplification with the device must begin as soon as possible, as soon as the diagnosis was carried out (even 6 months after age).

• The children older than 2 years with deep bilateral deafness that do not obtain a finished benefit with this type of devices can be candidates for a snail-shaped implant. Many children with deep deafness manage to establish an auditory communication with this type of snail-shaped implants, both in the congenital deafness and in the acquired ones, although they seem more effective in those who had already begun to develop the language.

WHAT DOCTOR CAN TREAT ME?

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