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 MEANS OF TRANSMISSION AND CONTAGION
The contagion of the VIH takes place when enough virus quantity moves from one individual to other. The virus is in persons infected principally in the blood, the semen, in the vaginal secretions and in the maternal milk. It can be transmitted to other persons across wounds, pricks, wounds in the skin, vaginal mucous membrane or anal mucous membrane.
For it we can know that the most frequent transmission routes are:
- The sexual relations with penetration without condom with infected persons, both of the same one and of different sex.
- To share syringes, needles and other instruments in the use of injectable drugs.
- The pregnancy of an infected woman, the son can be born with the VIH, since the mother can transmit his son during the pregnancy, the childbearing or the lactation. The frequency of transmissions of 1 of every 3 ó 4. Some of these babies are seropositive owed only to the antibodies of the mother and there can become negatives about 15 months. Those that do not become negative will develop the illness of the AIDS.
- The transmission for derivatives séricos nowadays is invaluable for the rigid sanitary control panel.
- The accidental transmission for wounds is possible.
METHODS OF PREVENTION
A)
- To be supported faithfully the couple.
- Not to have sexual exchange with:
- Persons that, or it is suspected, or it is known that they have AIDS.
- Multiple couples (promiscuousness).
- Persons who have multiple couples.
- Persons who administer intravenous drugs.
B)
- Not to use intravenous drugs. If they are used, not to share the needles or syringes. To avoid the contact with the wounds with blood, nosebleeds, etc, especially when there is not met the individual who bleeds. There is advisable the protectors' use, masks and gloves for the care of the persons with wounds.
- The persons with AIDS or the asymptomatic individuals who have the positive test to the VIH can transmit the illness to others and they should not donate blood, plasma, organs or semen. From a legal, ethical and moral point of view, they should warn any sexual couple of his condition positive VIH. They should not exchange corporal fluids during the sexual activity and should use any preventive measurement (such as the condom) that will provide more protection to the couple.
- The women positive VIH must be advised before remaining pregnant women of the risk of his babies. They must be informed about the means to reduce the risk of infection of the fetus.
- The women positive VIH should not give of sucking his baby.
- Use of condoms or condoms in the sexual relations. In the laboratory, the latex condoms are effective in the blockade of the entry of the virus of the VIH since the pores of the latex are small and do not allow his entry. The condoms are also an effective barrier against the virus of the Herpes, Citomegalovirus (CMV), the virus of the hepatitis "B", the clamydias, and the gonorrhea. But the real effectiveness of the condom diminishes after there interfere the "human factor" and the factor "expiration".
- The users can fail to:
- Not to use a condom in every sexual act.
- A condom does not put itself before any sexual - genital contact.
- Not to unroll completely the condom to to put itself it.
The efficacy of the condom improves:
- Avoiding the use of lubricants (vaseline, fat, creams) that debilitate the latex.
- It is necessary to protect to the condoms of the very direct contact with the heat or with the sun.
- To use only condone in sealed bundles. The broken or damaged ones or with samples of being old men (wrinkled, sticky or discolored), are a cause of the mistake of the protection.
The sure sexual behaviors can reduce the risk of acquiring the infection, although even with the use of condoms some risk exists. The abstinence is the surest and only way of preparing the sexual transmission of the virus.
TO SEE ALSO
WHAT DOCTOR CAN TREAT ME?
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