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 OTHER NAMES
- Mononucleosis Serología,
- Sserología of the VEB (virus of Epstein-Barr),
- Qualifications of antibodies of the virus of Epstein-Barr.
DEFINITION
In the infection for the Epstein-Barr virus antibodies develop against the cápside of the virus (ACV) of the type IgM and IgG, also antibodies appear against the nuclear antigen (ANEB) placed in the infected lymphocytes. Also there are another two types of antibodies called precocious, the placed one widely in the citoplasma of the infected cells (AP-D) and another concentrate in only one area of the citoplasma (AP-R).
WHY IS IT REALIZED?
It is used to evaluate the presence of the Glandular fever or illness produced by the virus of Epstein-Barr like assertion of the skill of Paul-Bunnell, and like evaluation of the stadium of the illness. If a person takes a glandular fever as an infection of the virus EB, the first thing that to aparecen are the antibodies anti-ACV. The antibodies anti-AP (AP-D and AP-R) turn out to be more late and already accompanied by the antibodies anti-ACV. When the illness advances and the patient is recovering the levels of anti antibodies - ACV and anti-AP lowers, appearing the antibodies anti-ANEB, that are supported during the whole life of the patient. The presence of antibodies anti-ACV and anti-ANEB only they indicate that the infection has existed but not that is in active period of the same one. The active infection confirms to itself for the presence of high qualifications of anti antibodies - ACV IgM.
SKILL OF ACHIEVEMENT
To realize this analysis to be on an empty stomach is not needed.
It is possible to realize the capture in an appropriate place (consultation, clinic, hospital) but sometimes it is realized in the proper domicile of the patient.
To realize the capture it is needed of locating an appropriate vein and in general there are used the veins placed in the flexura of the elbow. The person entrusted to take the sample will use sanitary gloves, a needle (with a syringe or pipe of extraction).
It will put a tortor (tape of gum - latex) in the arm so that the veins retain more blood and turn out to be more visible and accessible.
It will clean the area of the prick with an antiseptic one and by means of a palpación it will locate the appropriate vein and will gain access to her with the needle. They will release the tortor.
When the blood flows for the needle the sanitary one will realize an aspiration (by means of the syringe or by means of the application of a pipe with gap).
On having finished the capture, it extracts the needle to itself and the area is pressed with a cotton or similar torunda to favor the coagulation and it will indicate him to itself that flexione the arm and the area pressed with a Band-Aid supports for some hours.
The abstracted blood moves to the analysis laboratory in a special pipe for biochemistry, which contains an anticoagulant product. In general more than 10 milliliters of blood are not usually necessary for a standard battery of biochemical parameters.
PROBLEMS AND POSSIBLE RISKS
- The securing by means of a prick of the vein can produce certain pain.
- The possible difficulty in finding the appropriate vein can give place to several pricks
- Appearance of a haematoma (bruise or cardinal) in the extraction area, is due usually to the fact that the vein has not closed well after the later pressure and blood has kept on going out producing this problem. Type Hirudoid can apply an ointment to itself ® or Trombocid ® in the area.
- Inflammation of the vein (phlebitis), sometimes the vein turns out to be shaken, well be for a cause merely physically or why it has become infected. It will have to support the relaxed area a few days and type Hirudoid can apply an ointment to itself ® or Trombocid ® in the area. If the problem persists or appears fever will have to consult it with his doctor.
NORMAL VALUES OF THE SEROLOGÍA OF THE VIRUS OF EB
The minor qualifications of antibodies of 1: 10 are negative.
The biggest qualifications of 1.10 up to 1:60 indicate that an infection does not activate for the VEB.
The qualifications of 1:320 or major they indicate active infection.
Also the difference in the qualifications (3 or 4 times major) in two different captures (2 difference weeks) they can indicate us the presence of the illness.
| Antibodies |
It appears |
It disappears |
Significance |
| Paul-Bunnell |
5 days |
2 weeks |
Sharp infection / evolution |
| Anti-ACV-IgM |
7 days |
3 months |
Sharp infection / evolution |
| Anti-ACV-IgG |
7 days |
Always |
Sharp / past infection |
| Anti-AP-D |
7 days |
2 weeks |
Sharp infection / evolution |
| Anti-ANEB-IgG |
3 weeks |
Always |
Past infection |
EVALUATION OF ABNORMAL RESULTS
The developing levels of agglutinative antibodies can indicate:
- Infection activates for the virus of Epstein-Barr and the presence of Mononuleosis Infecciosa.
- Chronic infection for the Epstein-Barr virus.
- Infection spent by the virus of Epstein-Barr.
- Chronic bearer of the virus of Epstein-Barr.
- Syndrome of chronic asthenia.
- Linfoma of Burkitt.
- Cancer ORL.
TO SEE ALSO
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DENOMINATION 
