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 DENOMINATION
- Study of eggs and parasites in dregs.
- Earthworms study.
- Graham's test.
DEFINITION
It is a study that is realized by means of the capture of dregs in fresh air, and there is analyzed to the microscope the presence of adult forms, larvae or eggs of different families of helmintos, amoebae, tapeworms and protozoans.
WHAT ARE THERE THE PARASITES?
A parasite is an animal that infects other to be able to feed. The infected one he is named "a guest". Sometimes the guest does not suffer serious consequences for the parasitación (how, for example, when a mosquito stings us), but in other occasions yes that it can have more important effects. The parasites can affect the guest at different levels: in the skin, in the lungs, in the digestive system...
WHY IS THE ANALYSIS REALIZED?
If a patient has symptoms of sharp diarrhea, excessive intestinal gases, colic pains, eosinófilos elevation in blood, or diverse general symptoms, and there can be precedents of drinking contaminated water, contaminated fresh vegetables, travels abroad, etc... it is necessary to resort to a parasites study in dregs to discard his presence. When the parasites stay at the digestive tract, their proportion, or the larvae, or the eggs... are eliminated by the dregs, and that's why when we want to determine if a patient has the intestine infected by a parasite (which is named "parasitado") we resort to an analysis of the dregs. As the quantity that is eliminated in every defecation can be a variable, and if there is small number of parasites in the intestine logically also they will be scarce in the samples that take, not whenever a sample goes out denial it is possible to discard the infection. That's why, normally three dregs samples take, in three different days. This way, if they all are negative it means that really there are no parasites.
The most frequent parasites in dregs are of three types: - Helmintos: worms of the type Ascaris, or of the Tapeworm or "solitary earthworm".
- Protozoans: as the Giardia lambria and the amoeba.
- Threadworms: the "earthworms" very frequent in small children.
Normally, the infection signs are different as of which it is a question, therefore the doctor will direct his suspicions in a direction, and will request the test based on the same one, since the tests are different as of which of the groups it is a question. For the first two groups there is used the so called "Test of concentration of eggs and cysts"; the eggs belong to the helminto, the cysts are of the protozoan. For the threadworms the test is different, since the females put the eggs in the creases perianales, in the exterior, and the above mentioned eggs are not seen in the dregs. It is typical that the patients infected with threadworms (enterobius vermicularis) present an intense anal itch. In these cases, the diagnostic test is different, and is named "a test of Graham's tape". If there is diarrhea, the dregs must be taken to the laboratory, and there analyzed, without delay. The test of concentration of eggs and cysts is realized of diverse ways, but his last purpose is that of managing to dye the cysts or the eggs for that they are looking of a color adapted then to be seen in microscope. The sample there are a few grams of fresh dregs, which as there has been explained if they are diarréicas firstly look at the microscope straight without dying, and later if it is necessary they are processed and look again. Graham's test is slightly different. Since the eggs normally remain beaten to the skin that makes a detour the year, and do not appear in the dregs, it is necessary to look for them there where they are, since obviously the dregs analysis does not serve for the diagnosis. What is done (although there are some variants, essentially there is used the skill that is described next) is to use a piece of adhesive tape, which is placed carefully in the anal margins, so that if there are these eggs they remain beaten to the tape, and it is on this one on which it is investigated to determine if the parasite is present or not. In summed up accounts, when the doctor suspects that a patient has parasites, it will be able in general:
- To realize a test in the margins of the year to verify if there are threadworms eggs
- To request that samples of fresh dregs take, during up to three followed days.
On this, a series of laboratory skills will be carried out, and it will be analyzed to the microscope if parasitación indications exist. An expert microbiologist will determine, in case of being a print, of what parasite it talks each other. The doctor, according to the finds and the clinic (symptomatology) that the patient should present, will decide if it is necessary to put treatment, in affirmative case what it is the most suitable, and will explain the hygienic measurements directed to avoid the spread of the illness.
RESULTS
The presence of a type or several of parasites it is considered that positive the patient is parasitado and the parasite must be treated in question. Normally there must be neither presence of parasites, larvae nor eggs either in any analysis of dregs or in fresh air or in the adhesive strip - Graham's test.
WHAT DOCTOR CAN TREAT ME?
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DENOMINATION 
