The recommended immunizations program has changed substantially in the last years, and it is probable that it keeps on changing, as new and more effective vaccines develop.

Between the new vaccines that have being used they are necessary to stand out:

• Vaccine DPT acelular. Most of adverse reactions owes the conventional DPT to themselves to his fraction antipertussis (tosferina) that is part of the triple vaccine DPT. At present a vaccine exists against the tosferina acelular (instead of the normal one, entire cells), together with the tetanic toxoides and diftérico (DPT ACELULAR). The vaccine DPT acelular has been accepted to substitute the vaccines conventional DPT, of entire cells. The first dose is applied at the age of two months; the second one, to the four and the third one, to the six. The first reinforcement at the age of 18 months and the second reinforcement between 4 and 6 years. It is not necessary to apply after 7 years of age. The children who received the first doses with the vaccine DPT can continue his scheme with the vaccine acelular. The principal advantage of the vaccines acelulares is that the secondary reactions (fever, local pain, crying, etc) are very much minors than with the vaccine entire DPT.

• It vaccinates "quíntuple viral" (Tritanrix HB-Hiberix ^® of Smithkline Beecham). It combines 5 immunizations: against the diphtheria, tosferina, lockjaw, hepatitis B and Haemophylus influenzae of the group B (it protects the last one against the meningitis). It is applied by the deep intramuscular route in the face anterolateral of the leg. Between his advantages there is the fact that from only one prick the baby receives 5 vaccines. The disadvantage is that he does not use the vaccine DPT acelular, which causes very much less collateral reactions than the entire DPT.

• Vaccine DPT acelular + vaccinates antipoliomielítica unactivated, (Quadracel ^® of Lab. Pasteur). It is used for the primary immunization against the diphtheria, tosferina and lockjaw combined with the vaccine antipoliomielítica unactivated. The advantage of this one is the vaccine DPT acelular, which gives much less reaction than the entire DPT. To many children who are sick with facility and have food ebb, it has advantage to apply the vaccine to them antipoliomielítica injected by intramuscular route. Also, it can get together with Haemophylus influenzae of the group B in the same syringe, allowing also only one injection for 5 immunizations.

Until now there is not free the vaccine that would be ideal: DPT acelular + antipoliomielítica unactivated + hepatitis B + Haemophylus influenzae of the group B.

• It vaccinates against the hepatitis A and the hepatitis B (Twinrix ®, SmithLine Beecham) Especially it is useful for the children who did not receive vaccination antihepatitis in the first year, and for the adolescents and adults. On having combined these two vaccines, there is used the scheme of 3 doses and not that of two as in the hepatitis A, when this one applies herself separately. The second dose is applied one month after the first one and the third one 6 months after the first dose. It still has not decided what it is the ideal date to receive the reinforcement dose, but it is recommended, in general, five years after the last dose. It is applied by intramuscular route in the region of the shoulder to the biggest, adolescent and adult children; and in the face anterolateral of the leg in the small babies. The secondary reactions to this vaccine are minimal, the most common are pain, distension and reddening in the application place.

• It vaccinates against the chicken pox. (Varivax ® of Merck, Varilrix ® of Smithkline Beecham). It developed in Japan in 1970 and since then more than two million dose have been applied demonstrating that it is sure and effective. Although in general the chicken pox is benign, it can have complications, rare but serious: encephalitis, meningitis, ataxia cerebelosa, pneumonia, syndrome of Reye, arthritis, decrease of the number of thrombocytes, glomerulonefritis... The vaccine is applied to the children on having fulfilled the year of age or, if for 13 years they neither have been vaccinated nor have spent the chicken pox, 2 doses are applied to them with interval from 4 until 8 weeks between the first one and the second one. Also it is possible to apply the adults who have not had the illness. The reactions of the vaccine in general are light and they appear in the following month of applied; these can incluír fever, general discomfort and an eruption can sprout with minimal quantity of injuries, which disappear quickly.

• Vaccine against the rotavirus is already a reality and little is missing so that it begins being applied in routine form. The importance of this vaccine is that the rotavirus is the principal cause of severe diarrhea in small children in the whole world. The relative efficacy of this vaccine has been 61 % in babies of more than 12 months of age and 41 % in babies from 4 until 12 months of age. The results demonstrated that the vaccine achieves 88 % of protection from the severe diarrhea caused for rotavirus; 75 % of protection from the dehydration; 71 % of reduction in the duration of the illness, and 70 % of reduction in the hospitable income. The vaccine demonstrated to be effective and well tolerated. It can reduce greatly the morbidity and the mortality once it is incorporated into the routine immunizations programs.