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DEFINITION
The height evil is an illness that can affect well the mountaineers, excursionists, skiers or before travelers who climb too rapidly to a mountain and generally it appears when the persons reach a big height, more than 3000 meters or sometimes only for traveling to cities placed in height (La Paz of Bolivia to 3650 meters, or City of Mexico to 2200 meters).
CAUSES
The sharp height evil appears by the combination of the reduction of the atmospheric pressure and of the low concentration of oxygen in the big heights.
SYMPTOMS
The symptoms of the evil of height are usually light:
- Migraine
- Insomnia
- Loss of the appetite
- Morning sickness or vomiting
- Fatigue
- Sickness or sensation of dizziness
- Rapid pulse
- Respiratory difficulty with the effort
The symptoms of the evil of height in other cases are more serious and they present before themselves with:
- Cough
- Respiratory difficulty
- Bluish coloration of the skin (cianosis)
- Blood expectoration
- Incapability to walk in straight line or total disability to walk
- Decrease of the state of conscience or isolation of the social interaction
- Confusion
- Pale or greyish complexion (cerebral edema)
The presence of symptoms of evil of height is not equal in all the persons since only one of the 5 persons presents light symptoms to 2.000 and 3.000 m altitudes, but it is very strange that pulmonary edema (encharcamiento) appears and cerebral to these altitudes. On the other hand from 4.000 meters high most of the persons experience at least light symptoms, and some persons who remain to this altitude develop pulmonary or cerebral edema.
DIAGNOSIS
The symptoms there is the best way of having a diagnosis, also it is possible to have signs in the pulmonary sounding with death rattles of pulmonary edema and in the thorax Rx images of pulmonary edema are appreciated.
TREATMENT
It is necessary to try to descend to lower altitudes as soon as possible with a rational safety balance and to apply oxygen in mask.
Also they usually use:
- Diuretics as the acetazolamida that diminishes the pulmonary edema
- Antihypertensive like the nifedipino
- Corticoids for the cerebral edema
- Sometimes the assisted respiration is necessary
In most cases with light symptoms and they improve on having returned to a minor altitude, while the severe cases can lead to the death due to the respiratory difficulty or a cerebral edema.
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