DEFINITION

A functional disfonía is the alteration of the voice without anatomical injury in the organs fonatorios

There are the most frequent disfonías (65-75 %)

According to the causes that produce them we can find:

1. Disfonías for vocal abuse: related to a poor vocal hygiene like:

- to speak excessively
- to scream, to shout
- excessive aclaramiento of the gullet and too many cough
- vocalizaciones forced
- to sing with an inadequate skill
- inhalation of dust, smoke and harmful gases...

2. Disfonías for bad vocal use: to speak with an intensity and/or tone higher than it corresponds

3. Fonoponis: there takes place jointly an abuse and a bad vocal use (patients who, apart from raising the intensity of the voice, abuse this one very much). This problem usually happens often in the teachers' group. When the disfonía is associated with the profession of the patient we speak about Disfonías Profesionales: It is easy to diagnose it when the patient, on having enjoyed rest periods for holidays, weekends... notices a progress in the voice.

4. Infantile Disfonías: they are those who happen in the children. The prime movers are usually both the bad use and the vocal abuse. Every time they are more frequent and if they do not talk each other they can end in a major evil when the patient comes at the adult age.

These four types of disfonías can take us to two important pictures:

• DISFONÍAS HIPOCINÉTICAS: produced by a poor laryngeal muscular tone
• DISFONÍAS HIPERCINÉTICAS: produced by an exaggerated increase of the laryngeal muscular tone. They can go so far as to produce nodules.

TREATMENT

The functional disfonías must be treated principally by the logopeda

PROGNOSIS

The prognosis is good if the bad habits are corrected, they are eliminated or avoid the causative factors and the treatment is realized correctly.

WHAT DOCTOR CAN TREAT ME?

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