The injuries of the head and neck are the most frequent serious sports traumatism. Four sports with maximum risk of this type of injuries in the students are the rugby, the gymnastics, the ice hockey and the wrestling.
Many cervical injuries turn out to be only small sprains. The mechanism of more frequent serious cervical injury is the axial surcharge. At impact speeds relatively falls, an axial surcharge can provoke spinal break or luxation, resulting in tetraplejía (finished palsy of four extremities).
Diagnosis. If the sportsman is unconscious and does not move, an initial exploration must be realized. In the sportsmen with focal neurological deficits or the untensest sudden pain of neck it is always necessary to suspect a spinal injury of the neck, until a radiological exploration does not discard it.
Treatment. To value quickly the airline, the respiration and the circulation of the patient, to stabilize the neck and to move it to a first aid service. On having withdrawn the sportsman of the field or of the place where the injury has happened, it is necessary to take the due precautions for his correct immobilization. If the sportsman takes helmet, it is not necessary to him to take until it is in the first aid service.
CLOSED CRANIAL TRAUMATISM
The stir is an alteration of the state of conscience, with visual disorders or of the balance, etc., as a result from a secondary affectation of the cerebral trunk to an impact.
The syndrome posconmocional consists of the appearance of migraine (especially after the physical exercise), disorders of the balance, fatigue, irritability and disorders of the memory and of the concentration. These symptoms can persist several weeks or even months.
The artery meníngea average passes for a bony rut of the skull and when there happens a cranial break that crosses it, the artery tears and haematoma appears called epidural. Since the hemorrhage is of arterial blood, a clot accumulates to high pressure that can provoke serious cerebral injuries.
On the other hand, the haematoma subdural is caused by break for impact or chronic wear for continued small traumatism, in the veins network aracnoideas that surround the brain.
Diagnosis / Treatment. The identification and classification of a stir can simplify his treatment:
- The classic signs of the haematoma epidural are the loss of the conscience during a variable time, followed by a recovery in which the patient recovers a finished lucidity. In turn, this phase follows of other one with beginning of a migraine (headache) more and more intense, decrease of the level of conscience, unilateral dilation of the pupil (in general, there dilates the pupil of the sick side) and weakness.
- The patients with haematoma subdural sharp tend to present an interval of lucidity more prolonged after the injury and at the moment of the revenue they are conscious with a lot of major frequency than in case of the haematoma epidural.
In the patients with closed cranial traumatism a finished neurological exploration must be realized, usually with axial scanner computarizada (TAC) or nuclear magnetic resonance (RMN).
Obviously, the patient must not compete again until they have eliminated all the symptoms and the problem has been solved completely.
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