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DENOMINATION
- Isoenzimas of Lactato deshidrogenasa,
- Lactic deshidrogenasa isoenzimas,
- Isoenzimas of LDH, LD1, LD2, LD3, LD4, LD5.
DEFINITION
The LDH is an enzyme that is in many textiles of the body, but his presence is major in the heart, liver, kidneys, msculos, red globules, in the brain and in the lungs.
The LDH has one big isoenzimas variety with light differences in his structure, which suggest different origins for every textile:
- The LDH1 of the heart, msculos, and red blood corpuscles
- The LDH2 of the system endotelial reticulum and leukocytes
- The LDH3 of the lungs
- The LDH4 of the kidneys, afterbirth and pancreas.
- The LDH5 of the liver and msculo
WHY IS THE ANALYSIS REALIZED?
It is used to evaluate the presence of injuries in the textiles. The LDH2 in normal persons is the biggest constituent of the entire LDH. When algn textile that LDH contains is injured person spills more LDH quantity to the blood for it turns out to be raised before any injury of heart, liver, kidneys, msculo, etc... When there is a problem of isquemia in the myocardium with injury of the msculo there appears the LDH-2 higher than the LDH-2, rises at 12 p.m. up to 72 hours, does peak After the cardiac infarction to 3 ó 4 days to return to the normality to the 10 - 14 days. If the cardiac isquemia has not injured the msculo (infarction) the LDH it turns out to be normal.
PROCEDURE OF SECURING
To realize this analysis to be on an empty stomach is not needed.
The intense physical exercise produces normal increase of the LDH. Some medicines can raise the level of LDH, the alcohol, the anesthetic ones, the aspirin, the clofibrato, etc. And the LDH can diminish the ascorbic acid.
It is possible to realize the capture in an appropriate place (consultation, clinic, hospital) but sometimes it is realized in the proper domicile of the patient. To realize the capture it is needed of locating an appropriate vein and in general there are used the veins placed in the flexura of the elbow. The person entrusted to take the sample will use sanitary gloves, a needle (with a syringe or pipe of extraction). It will put a tortor (tape of gum - latex) in the arm so that the veins retain more blood and turn out to be more visible and accessible. It will clean the area of the prick with an antiseptic one and by means of a palpación it will locate the appropriate vein and will gain access to her with the needle. They will release the tortor. When the blood flows for the needle the sanitary one will realize an aspiration (by means of the syringe or by means of the application of a pipe with gap). On having finished the capture, it extracts the needle to itself and the area is pressed with a cotton or similar torunda to favor the coagulation and it will indicate him to itself that flexione the arm and the area pressed with a Band-Aid supports for some hours.
The abstracted blood moves to the analysis laboratory in a special pipe for biochemistry, which contains an anticoagulant product. In general more than 10 milliliters of blood are not usually necessary for a standard battery of biochemical parameters.
PROBLEMS AND POSSIBLE RISKS
- The securing by means of a prick of the vein can produce certain pain.
- The possible difficulty in finding the appropriate vein can give place to several pricks
- Appearance of a haematoma (bruise or cardinal) in the extraction area, is due usually to the fact that the vein has not closed well after the later pressure and blood has kept on going out producing this problem. Type Hirudoid can apply an ointment to itself ® or Trombocid ® in the area.
- Inflammation of the vein (phlebitis), sometimes the vein turns out to be shaken, well be for a cause merely physically or why it has become infected. It will have to support the relaxed area a few days and type Hirudoid can apply an ointment to itself ® or Trombocid ® in the area. If the problem persists or appears fever will have to consult it with his doctor.
NORMAL VALUES OF LDH IN WHEY
| Normal levels of LDH in adults |
115 to 225 UI/L |
| Levels of LDH-1 |
of 17 to 27 % |
| Levels of LDH-2 |
of 27 to 37 % |
| Levels of LDH-3 |
of 18 to 25 % |
| Levels of LDH-4 |
of 3 to 8 % |
| Levels of LDH-5 |
of 0 to 5 % |
In these values there can be certain differences for the skill or for proper criteria of normality of concrete laboratories, sometimes in the status of values and other times for the units to which one alludes.
EVALUATION OF ABNORMAL RESULTS
The developing LDH levels can indicate:
- Vascular brain has an accident
- Anemia hemolítica, megaloblástica, pernicious
- Muscular damage
- Autoimmune illnesses
- Hepatitis, cirrhosis
- Low blood pressure
- Myocardium infarction
- Intestinal infarction
- Pulmonary infarction, muddle, pneumonia
- Renal infarction
- Linfomas
- Glandular fever
- Neoplasias
- Pancreatitis
TO SEE ALSO
WHAT DOCTOR CAN TREAT ME?
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