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Frequent questions | |
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Beginning | |
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IMMUNIZATION AGAINST THE POLIO | |
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 DENOMINATION DEFINITION INFORMATION CALENDAR BENEFITS RISKS CONTRAINDICATIONS SYMPTOMS MEDICATED TO SEE TO CONSULT |
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The polio (or "polio") is a viral illness that can cause permanent lameness, palsy, and sometimes even the death. There are two types of vaccine of the polio:
This vaccine contains the flagging living virus. His presentation is in liquid form and it is administered by oral route. The trivalent form (TOPV) is the most effective against all the forms known about the polio. The form monovalente (MOPV) is effective against only one type of polio and it is not used in the United States. The vaccination against the polio is one of the immunizations recommended in the childhood and it should be begun in the infancy. In most of the countries this vaccine is administered before the schooling. At least three doses must be administered, being advisable four (or more, in areas where the polio is frequent). The first dose administers 2 months after age. The following ones must be administered at the age of 4 months, 6 months, and between the 15 and 18 months. The later doses are optional, depending on the incidence of the illness in the area). There must be given a final dose before to the schooling (between the 4 and 6 years). Once the initial series of vaccinations is completed, the adults are not vaccinated unless they are exhibited to the illness (for example, if they glide to travel to a country where there is polio at present). If some adult who has never received any type of vaccine of the polio has the need to be immunized, it should use only the form VIP. The adults who received the first doses of the vaccine but they did not complete the series can use the form VPI or the VPO. 90 % of persons vaccinated with any of 2 forms of vaccine is immune to the polio. The vaccine Sabin can administer without risk children. (As the rest of medicines) is not usually recommended in pregnant women. Nevertheless, a pregnant woman who needs immediate protection from polio can receive the (oral) Sabin, since they have not described problems for the woman or the fetus. The polio can develop in the person even being immunized. This is very rare (it happens in an approximate proportion of 1 between 7,8 millions). The polio can develop also in the people who is in nearby contact with the immunized person. This can happen if a person is not protected (immunized) against the polio. The risk is the highest after having received the first vaccine dose. If a child is going to be vaccinated against the polio, and there is some adult who is going to be in direct contact with the child, it should be vaccinated simultaneously that the child. In persons inmunodeprimidas, the vaccine Salk is preferred to the Sabin (sick with AIDS, cancer, leukemia, or linfoma, patient under treatment with radiotherapy, chemotherapy, corticosteroides, such like prednisona, or other medications inmunosupresoras). The persons inmunodeprimidas have to, also, avoid the contact with persons that has received the vaccine Sabin up to two weeks after the vaccination (because the living virus in the oral vaccine can be transmitted from the vaccinated person). The injectable form (Salk) recommends to itself those who, must be immunizing opposite to the polio, live together with a person inmunodeprimida. The vaccine (injectable) Salk should not be given to persons on severe allergy to the neomicina or streptomycin.
The vaccine oral (Sabin) usually does not cause any symptom. The vaccine Salk can cause reddening and light inconvenience in the place of the injection. This one is not severe and it lasts only a few days. Normally there are no other symptoms other care nor is needed after the immunization.
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