The hepatitis is a viral infection that produces the inflammation of the liver, as a result of this one there is blocked the step of the bile that produces the liver on having decomposed the fat, and there falters the function of the liver to eliminate the toxins of the blood, to produce diverse important substances and to store and to distribute the glucose, vitamins and minerals.

The infection is produced by several types of virus and by it the hepatitis is characterized A, B, C, and D according to the type of causative virus in every case.

The Hepatitis To (infectious) and it is contagious for oral and fecal route across certain (crustacean) food, water or contaminated materials. Between the contagion and the appearance of symptoms (period of incubation) pass from 15 until 50 days.

The Hepatitis B (sérica) is contagious for the blood (blood or contaminated needles), for the perspiration, semen, saliva or tears and vaginal secretions across hurt or mucous. Also it is transmitted across the afterbirth to the fetus, and across sexual contacts.

The C and D they are of similar characteristics to the B.

The most frequent symptoms in the Hepatitis To sound:

• fever
• loss of the appetite
• general discomfort tiredly
• morning sickness and inconveniences of stomach
• jaundice (yellow color of the skin and of the eye)
• pain in the high part of the abdomen

In the Hepatitis B they are similar although slower and also a picture appears as of flu, with muscular pains and of head, or even itches in the skin and arthritis.

All these symptoms last from 1 until 6 weeks and the jaundice approximately three weeks.

The complication of the hepatitis can lead to a cirrhosis of liver and to a cancer of liver in some cases.
Part of the affected ones (between 5 and 10 %) cronifican and they are bearers of the virus therefore they transmit the illness.
To confirm the diagnosis there are realized analyses of the blood that reveals an abnormal elevation of the enzymes of the liver. Then test is realized diverse to define the causative virus of every hepatitis.

It is more frequent in the puberty but it can be acquired at any age.

The absence of hygiene in the meals, in the food preparation and taking contaminated water is the most important contagion source in the hepatitis A.

In the hepatitis B the factor of principal risk is the sanitary personnel for the use of needles and of the care of wounds, etc. and in case of coexisting with chronic bearers of the virus. Other factors are the administration of injected drugs, the sexual promiscuousness, enduring hemophilia, etc...

The hepatitis B does not transmit oral route as the A.
The hepatitis C yes is transmitted just as the B, for blood or corporal secretions. The hepatitis B and C they can be transmitted simultaneously and jointly.

The most effective method is the application of the vaccine Engerix-B, which can be administered at any age (protection between 90 % to 95 %). The vaccination rule is an initial dose, other one to the month and other one at the age of 6 months (whole 3 doses). I/M is administered in the deltoides adults' (shoulder) or in the thigh in children.

Precise indications of the vaccination are:

• To the birth
• Adolescents (for the beginning of sexual activity, and drug addiction)
• You present yourself with sexual promiscuousness
• Sanitary personnel

There exists on the market a vaccine of two doses (in 2 years) against the hepatitis A. This vaccine is effective in 80 to 98 % of the cases, obtaining a protection. of four up to twenty-five years.
On having coexisted with an affected hepatitis person A, it is recommended to wash the plates, glasses, and silverware with warm water.

A treatment of the infection does not exist, by what there is recommended rest and a diet adapted with abundant proteins and little fats, until the transaminasas levels in the blood descend. It is necessary to take abundant liquids and to avoid certain medicines that produce hepatic toxicity (analgesics, tranquilizers, etc...).

Specific globulin one can prepare the hepatitis A with the injections of a Gamma, this one is effective in 75 % of the cases when it is administered before the contagion with this virus (in case of risk factors). The protection lasts five months. Sometimes it is administered after an exhibition to the virus (before two weeks later to the contagion) and can prepare or reduce the symptoms of the illness.
The gamma specific globulin of the hepatitis B is administered in case of contagion (or possible contagion) and is effective in the prevention of the illness.