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DEFINITION
After a centrifugación of the entire blood there can be appreciated two levels, one with the deposit of the red globules, principally, and another level of the entire plasma. The percentage relation between both is what the hematocrito describes and describes the percentage of cells transportadoras of oxygen with regard to the entire blood volume.
The analysis of the hematocrito is realized normally in a finished hematimetría study, with the inventory of red globules or red blood corpuscles.
PROCEDURE OF SECURING
- To realize this analysis to be on an empty stomach is not needed.
- It is possible to realize the capture in an appropriate place (consultation, clinic, hospital) but sometimes it is realized in the proper domicile of the patient.
- To realize the capture it is needed of locating an appropriate vein and in general there are used the veins placed in the flexura of the elbow. The person entrusted to take the sample will use sanitary gloves, a needle (with a syringe or pipe of extraction).
- It will put a tortor (tape of gum - latex) in the arm so that the veins retain more blood and turn out to be more visible and accessible.
- It will clean the area of the prick with an antiseptic one and by means of a palpación it will locate the appropriate vein and will gain access to her with the needle. They will release the tortor.
- When the blood flows for the needle the sanitary one will realize an aspiration (by means of the syringe or by means of the application of a pipe with gap).
- If several samples are needed for different types of analysis blood will be extracted to him more or less or different gap pipes will be applied.
- On having finished the capture, it extracts the needle to itself and the area is pressed with a cotton or similar torunda to favor the coagulation and it will indicate him to itself that flexione the arm and the area pressed with a Band-Aid supports for some hours.
PROBLEMS AND POSSIBLE RISKS
- The securing by means of a prick of the vein can produce certain pain.
- The possible difficulty in finding the appropriate vein can give place to several pricks.
- Appearance of a haematoma (bruise or cardinal) in the extraction area, is due usually to the fact that the vein has not closed well after the later pressure and blood has kept on going out producing this problem. Type Hirudoid can apply an ointment to itself ® or Trombocid ® in the area.
- Inflammation of the vein (phlebitis), sometimes the vein turns out to be shaken, well be for a cause merely physically or why it has become infected. It will have to support the relaxed area a few days and type Hirudoid can apply an ointment to itself ® or Trombocid ® in the area. If the problem persists or appears fever will have to consult it with his doctor.
NORMAL VALUES OF HEMATOCRITO
| Newborn baby |
44 to 56 % |
| At the age of 3 months |
32 to 44 % |
| To the year of age |
36 to 41 % |
| Between 3 and 5 years |
36 to 43 % |
| From 5 to 15 years |
37 to 45 % |
| Adult man |
40 to 54 % |
| Adult woman |
37 to 47 % |
WHAT DO THEY INDICATE THE ABNORMAL RESULTS?
A low Hematocrito index can owe to:
- Anemia
- Mistakes in the bone marrow (Radiations, toxins, fibrosis, tumors, etc...)
- Pregnancy
- Hemorrhages
- Hipertirodismo
- Hemolisis (destruction of red globules), for a transfusion
- Leukemia
- Problems of feeding
- Rheumatoid arthritis
A high Hematocrito index can owe to:
- Cardiopatías
- Dehydration
- Eclampsia (in the pregnancy)
- Chronic pulmonary illnesses
- Excess of formation of red blood corpuscles (Eritrocitosis)
- Policitemia will see
- Shock (shock)
TO SEE ALSO
WHAT DOCTOR CAN TREAT ME?
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