DEFINITION

It is an elevation of the corporal temperature over the normal numbers.
Any person can support his stable temperature between exterior temperatures of 5th to 40th C.
The measurement of the temperature is realized by means of a clinical thermometer (of mercury) - the modern thermometers usually have some difference with these values - placed in the armpit / groin (5 min), in the rectum (1 to 2 min) or in the ear (less than 1 min). It must take neither after the meal nor exercise, it must allow to happen from 30 until 60 minutes.
The normal measurement is of 36.7ºC to 37ºC, being able to increase 3-5 tenths in the mouth and of 5-10 tenths in the rectum. In the nursing ones the temperature is usually bigger in 1 than that of the adult or adolescent. The normal temperature changes with the age.

The temperature measured in the morning can be 2 tenths less than in the evening.
The temperature balance is obtained by a balance between the increases of temperature produced by combustion of energy factors (sugar, lípidos, proteins), or by the hormonal activity and the decreases of the same one by means of the sudoración and the respiration. These regulatory functions are centralized in the brain at level of the diencéfalo, which acts on the hyponuptial bed that starts the changes of the balance if it is necessary.
Also a loss of heat exists for the skin if the exterior is colder, but if it is much an enclosed cold one can prevent it is lost by excess of contraction of the blood glasses.
There are other processes as it is the inflammation in those who liberate substances from the leukocytes that increase the temperature (pirógenos).

CAUSES

• Infectious illnesses
• Sunstroke or heatstroke, when the temperature ambience is excessive it is not possible to produce the evaporation.
• Hormonal cause. Hipertiroidismo, tireotoxicosis, feocromocitoma.
• Muscular efforts: sport, epileptic attack, tetanic crisis
• Malignant Hipertermia.
• Poisoning for salicílicos
• Others.

TYPES OF HIGH TEMPERATURE

Continuous fever. - The temperature stays high continuously and in spite of taking non-conducting this one does not range any more of 1ºC

Fever sender. - The temperature ranges 1 or 2 with treatment but it does not return to the normality

Intermittent fever. - The temperature ranges in peaks, but between them it is normal, as in the malaria.

Oscillating fever. - The temperature ranges in different values throughout the day

Undulating fever. - The temperature tends to increase in stairs up to them 40ºC, reaches a plateau for some days and goes down again in stairs.

Febrícula. - It is called to the temperature that is supported in 38ºC.

TREATMENT OF THE FEVER IN THE CHILDREN

Three basic points must be born in mind:

• To control the signs of illness of the child with fever
• To treat the fever
• To know when to call a doctor.

As the fever must have an origin it is necessary to observe the fever appearance with:

• Loss of appetite
• Vomiting or abdominal pain
• Irritability
• Excessive drowsiness
• Intense migraine
• Persistent crying
• Sore throat
• Make difficult to breathe
• Earache
• Pain on having urinated

It is possible to realize the treatment of the fever by means of the administration of non-conducting medicines:

• Acid Acetil Salicílico. - Aspirin ® -
  Dose 50-65 mg / kg / day. Every 8 hours, oral route.
  Not to use in children with vomiting or chicken pox for the possible production of the Syndrome of Reye.
• Paracetamol. - Gelocatil ®, Melabón ®, Febrectal ®, Apiretal ® -
  Dose 20-40 mg / kg / day, every 6-8 hours, rectal route
  10 mg / kg / dose, every 6-8 hours, Oral route
• Ibuprofeno.-Dalsy ® -
  Dose 20 mg / kg / day, every 6-8 hours

Or by means of physical measurements of increasing the loss of temperature, as it can be diminishing the clothes of the child, to put compress compresses of lukewarm water or to put it in a bath of lukewarm water. Also it is necessary to give abundant liquids to the child
It is necessary to bear in mind the possible complication of the fever with a feverish convulsion.

If the picture persists we must bear in mind the possibility of calling the doctor especially in case of:

• In minor children of 2 months if the temperature is continuous and is major of 38.5ºC rectal.
• In major children of 2 months with continuous and major temperature of
  38.5ºC rectal, with associate illness signs.
• In children of any age if the temperature is major of 40ºC rectal.
• In children with continuous temperature that does not yield after three days of non-conducting.

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