Till now the most used medicines have been the anorexígenos (medicines that reduce the appetite), which qualify in: noradrenérgicos and serotoninérgicos.

MEDICINES ANOREXIGENOS

The fluoxetina (Prozac ®) is an antidepressant, inhibitor of the reception of serotonina, which presents a mechanism of equal action to that of the anorexígenos serotoninérgicos.

It is approved by the American FDA and by the Ministry of Health and Spanish Consumption, for treatment of depression, bulimia and compulsive obsessive disorders, but not to reduce weight.

There have been realized clinical essays in which it is demonstrated that it is effective in the treatment of the obesity using it for 8 weeks. Nevertheless most of the patients gain weight again in spite of the medication, if the treatment extends for 16-20 weeks. The used dose is 60 mg/día, triple of the employee as antidepressing, with the consistent toxicity risk.

It acts at local level, in the gastrointestinal tract and as a result of his action mechanism, the fecal fat excretion increases, causing a series of adverse effects: intestinal movements, esteatorrea (diarrhea caused by the fat), abdominal cramps, fecal incontinence and morning sickness.

These effects do not seem to be a dose - clerk; apparently, they depend more of the quantity of ill fat.

The ideal dose is comprised between 100 and 400 mg, three times a day and can be administered earlier, during or after the meals.

The vitamins absorption A, D and E can be diminished by them, and the suplementación of these vitamins can be necessary in medium-term treatments.

Up to the date, the clinical studies have demonstrated his efficacy, but only associated with a caloric restriction and increase of the physical activity.

Between the adverse effects, there has been detected increase of the arterial tension and of the cardiac rhythm.

A series of medicines exists in phase of clinical essays that might turn out to be useful in some types of obesity.

Medicines termogénicos. Medicines that increase the potential of oxidation of the greasy acids in the muscle.

Ephedrine. Several clinical essays have been realized, although there has been detected a high incidence of adverse effects (sugar increases in blood, quake, increase of the blood pressure), with a minimal loss of weight.

Beta adrenérgicos. They diminish the corporal weight and improve the metabolic profile in experiments with animals.

Thyroid hormones. Although they produce an initial loss of weight, to way / long term they induce also a bony loss, giving place to osteoporosis, and a reduction of the muscular mass. At first only they are recommended in obese patients with hipotiroidismo (obesity for low production of thyroid hormones).

Inhibiting of the gastric emptying (clorocitrato, colecistokinasa). They are studied, for the sensation of plenitude that they produce.

Leptina. The hormone leptina seems to be a useful substance to support the corporal weight, and recently recipients of this hormone have been discovered in the brain. The leptina unleashes the production of another substance called péptido-1-tipo glucagón (GLP-1). The last one intervenes in the digestion of the carbohydrates in the intestine. For all this, the leptina might be a useful substance.

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