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 OTHER NAMES
- Phases of the childbearing.
INTRODUCTION
The uterine contractions that they expel to the fetus begin 266 days after the conception, in the shape of a light hardening of the womb. Sometimes, the women can have felt similar contractions during the last months of the pregnancy, but they can admit that "the moment has come" because there increases the regularity and intensity of the same ones.
The work of childbearing, which is the process of uterine, cervical changes and of another type that they lead to the childbearing generally begins close to two weeks previous to the birth, when it changes the balance between the progesterone and the estrogen. During most of the gestation, the progesterone keeps relaxed the uterine muscles simultaneously that there preserves the steadfastness of the neck of the womb. In the childbearing, the rapid elevation of the levels of estrogen stimulates the contraction of the womb and does that the neck becomes more lax. The moment of the childbearing seems to be determined by the speed with which the afterbirth produces a protein called liberating hormone of corticotropina (CRH), who also promotes the maturation of the fetal lungs in order to prepare them for the life out of the womb. From the fifth month of gestation, the CRH production allows to predict if a baby will be born earlier or later.
STAGES OF THE CHILDBEARING
The normal vaginal childbearing happens in four superposed stages:
- The first stage, the most long, characteristic hard 12 hours or more in inexperienced mothers. In the later childbearings it tends to be shorter. During this stage, the regular and more and more frequent uterine contractions do that the neck of the womb dilates or expands.
- The second generally hard stage one hour and a half or less, it begins when the head of the baby begins to happen for the neck of the womb towards the vaginal channel and ends when the child leaves completely the body of the mother. If this stage extends more than two hours, or that indicates that the baby needs help, the doctor can hold his head with forceps, or what is more frequent, to resort to the extraction with hoover using a sucking cup to extract it of the maternal body. On having finished this stage, the baby is born, but it still remains adhered to the afterbirth in the body of the mother across the umbilical cord, which debit to be cut and held.
- During the third stage, which lasts from 15 until 30 minutes, the afterbirth and the remaining portion of umbilical cord they are expelled from the mother.
- The fourth stage corresponds to when the mother rests in bed while his recovery is supervised.
OTHER INFORMATION
In 1996, the fetal electronic monitoring was used in 83 % of the living born in the United States to control the fetal cardiac frequency during the childbearing and the illumination. The procedure takes as an intention to detect the absence of oxygen, which can drive to cerebral damage. It can give valuable information in the childbearings of high risk, including that in that the fetus is very small or he seems to suffer. Nevertheless, the routine use of monitors in the pregnancies of low risk presents disadvantages. It is costly, it limits the movements of the mother during the childbearing, and, what is more important, causes a high valuation of "false positives", suggesting that the fetuses are in difficulties when in fact they it are not. Such signs can do that the doctors choose for a Caesarean intervention, procedure of major risk than the vaginal childbearing.
TO SEE ALSO
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DENOMINATION 
