OTHER NAMES

• Red globules,
• Red blood corpuscles.

DEFINITION

The red globules are the blood cells that contain in his interior the hemoglobin. The red globules are the principal oxygen bearers to the cells and textiles of the body. They have a biconcave form to adapt themselves to a major surface of exchange of oxygen for carbon dioxide in the textiles. Also his membrane is flexible what allows the red globules to cross the narrowest capillaries.

The hemoglobin is a protein that contains iron what gives him the red color to the blood, for it the name of red globules or Eritrocitos: eritro (red) + citos (cells).

PRODUCTION OF THE RED GLOBULES

The red globules take place in the bone marrow, from cells mother that they multiply at big speed.

The production of red globules is regulated by the eritropoyetina, which is a hormone produced by the kidney. A decrease of the oxígenación of the textiles increases the production of eritropoyetina, which acts in the bone marrow stimulating the production of red globules.

FUNCTION OF THE RED GLOBULES

The oxygen that is necessary to produce energy in the different textiles enters the human body across the lungs. It crosses the membranes of the pulmonary alveoli and it is received by the red globules joined to the hemoglobin.

Then it is transported by the circulatory system to the textiles. The oxygen spreads across the wall of the capillaries to come to the cells. At the same time, the CO₂ that the cells produce is gathered by the hemoglobin of the red globules and it is transported to the lungs, where it is expelled.

FACTORS NECESSARY FOR HIS PRODUCTION

• The vitamin B12: it is a factor necessary for the synthesis and the multiplication of the cells. Since the cells mother of the bone marrow must multiply very quickly to produce red globules, the absence of vitamin B12 causes anemia. The anemia for lack of vitamin B12 is named a pernicious anemia. For the absorption of the vitamin B12, it is necessary that one to an intrinsic factor produced in the wall of the stomach. An alteration in the gastric wall can produce pernicious anemia for lack of absorption of the vitamin B12.
• The acid fólico: also it is necessary for the synthesis of red globules, and his absence in the diet also can produce anemia.
• The iron: it is necessary for the hemoglobin production. In the whole organism there are between 4 and 5 grams of iron, most is in the hemoglobin. In the man the needs for iron are 0.6 milligrams a day to compensate the quantity that gets lost for the dregs. In the woman the needs for iron are approximately the double that in the man, due to the losses in the rule or menstruation.

NORMAL VALUES OF RED GLOBULES IN BLOOD

INTERPRETATION OF THE RESULTS

In general, they must be interpreted by other parameters of the form, aspects and by the indexes hemáticos (hemoglobin, hematocrito, VCM, HCM, VMHC) but like generality:

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