DEFINITION

The Hodgkin illness is a type cancer that develops in the lymphatic system that is a part of the immune system or of defenses, by it he is described as a linfoma.
The extension of the lymphatic system for the body does that the Hodgkin illness could appear in any part of the same one (liver, bone marrow, spleen).

DIAGNOSIS

The Hodgkin illness usually appears in young adults ó in persons older than 55 years of age. If it appears in the childhood the treatment is different.

The precocious detection is the best form of treatment, for it if her symptoms appear it is necessary to consult the doctor as soon as possible.

Symptoms of the illness of Hodgkin:

• distension of the lymphatic ganglions of the neck, the armpit or the groin without pain.
• fever that does not come out.
• sudoración night.
• permanent weariness.
• loss of weight without cause.
• itch in the skin.

If the doctor suspects one abnormal distension of the ganglions can raise a biopsy (to extract a pedacito) of the inflamed ganglions. If the diagnosis is confirmed there will have to appear a wider study of blood test, radiographies, and even a laparotomía operation to determine the extension stage of the cancer, and to be able to apply the treatment adapted to every case.
The prognosis of the illness will depend on the extension of the same one and on the situation of general health of the affected person.

EXTENSION STAGES

At first of diferencian two types of illness:

• Illness of Hodgkin type A
• Illness of Hodgkin type B, when they are present some of the following symptoms:
  • Loss of more than 10 % in weight in the last 6 months.
  • Fever without well-known cause.
  • Night Sudoración that leaves the wet body to him.

• Stage I
  
  The cancer is limited to an area or organ.

• Stage II
  
  The cancer is in two or more areas of the lymphatic ganglions in the same side of the diaphragm, or the cancer is in an organ and in the surrounding lymphatic ganglions.

• Stage III
  
  The cancer is in the lymphatic ganglions on both sides of the diaphragm.

• Stage IV
  
  The cancer has been spread to two or more organs out of the lymphatic system. The extension can or not be in the nearby lymphatic ganglions.
  The cancer has been spread to only one organ but also fond of distant lymphatic ganglions of this organ.

• Appellant
  
  It is the appearance of new cancerous cells after the healing, it can appear in the same organ or in others.

TREATMENT

Diverse treatments are used for the Hodgkin illness, between them:

• The radiotherapy
• The chemotherapy
• The transplant of bone marrow (of the same species)
• Transplant of cell peripheral mother (of the same individual)
• Clinical studies in investigation.

The survival probability is 5 times major if in the hospital where it talks each other 5 or more transplants of marrow are realized a year.

Treatment stages

In all the stages it is necessary to immunize the patient against the flu, pneumonia and meningitis. In a space of between 5 and 15 years after the treatment, some patients might develop another form of cancer as result of the same treatment. Due to this possibility it will have to make examine you by the doctor with certain regularity.

• STAGE I

• Stage IA

If the cancer is on the diaphragm and does not complicate part of the thorax.
1. Radiotherapy of a field and to the lymphatic ganglions in the top region of the abdomen.
2. Radiotherapy of a field only (in certain patients).
3. Radiotherapy of a field, the lymphatic ganglions in the top region of the abdomen and the spleen.
4. Chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy.

If the cancer is on the diaphragm and complicates part of the thorax
1. Radiotherapy of a field more chemotherapy.
2. Radiotherapy of a field and to the lymphatic ganglions in the top region of the abdomen.
3. A clinical study with new treatment methods.

If the cancer is under the diaphragm
1. Chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy.
2. Radiotherapy to the lymphatic ganglions of the top region of the abdomen and the pelvis, or irradiation ganglionar entire. If it is needed, also the spleen or the groin might talk each other.

• Stage IB

If the cancer is on the diaphragm and does not complicate part of the thorax
1. Radiotherapy of a field and to the lymphatic ganglions in the top region of the abdomen or radiotherapy ganglionar entire.
2. Radiotherapy of a field more chemotherapy.
3. Alone chemotherapy.

If the cancer is on the diaphragm and complicates part of the thorax
1. Radiotherapy of a field more chemotherapy.
2. Chemotherapy more radiotherapy where the cancer is.
3. Radiotherapy of a field, to the lymphatic ganglions of the top region of the abdomen and to the spleen.

If the cancer is under the diaphragm.
1. Chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy to the top region of the abdomen and the pelvis, the areas complicated by cancer or the spleen.
2. Irradiation ganglionar whole or radiation to the lymphatic ganglions in the top region of the abdomen and the pelvis.

• STAGE II

• Stage IIA

If the cancer is on the diaphragm and does not complicate part of the thorax
1. Radiotherapy of a field and to the lymphatic ganglions in the top region of the abdomen.
2. Radiotherapy of a field only (in certain patients).
3. Chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy.

If the cancer is on the diaphragm and complicates part of the thorax
1. Radiotherapy of a field more chemotherapy.
2. Radiotherapy of a field and to the lymphatic ganglions in the top region of the abdomen.

If the cancer is under the diaphragm
1. Chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy in the areas that contain cancer.
2. Radiotherapy to the lymphatic ganglions in the top part of the abdomen and pelvis. The spleen also one might treat if it is necessary.
3. Radiotherapy ganglionar entire

• Stage IIB

If the cancer is on the diaphragm and does not complicate part of the thorax
1. Chemotherapy well is alone or continued by radiotherapy of a field.
2. Radiotherapy of a field and to the lymphatic ganglions in the top region of the abdomen or irradiation ganglionar entire.

If the cancer is on the diaphragm and complicates part of the thorax
1. Chemotherapy more radiotherapy of a field.
2. Chemotherapy more radiotherapy to the area where the cancer is.

• STAGE III

• Stage IIIA

If the cancer does not complicate big part of the thorax
1. Chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy.
2. Entire irradiation or subwhole of the ganglions. Also radiation can be administered to the liver.

If the cancer complicates big part of the thorax
1. Chemotherapy more radiotherapy
2. A clinical chemotherapy test

• Stage IIIB

1. Chemotherapy.
2. Chemotherapy and radiation to the areas where the cancer is or to the areas of major extension.

• STAGE IV
  1. Chemotherapy.
  2. Chemotherapy with entire irradiation to the ganglions or with radiation to the places with big cancer quantities.
  3. A clinical test that uses transplant of bone marrow.

• APPELLANT
  His treatment will depend on the place where it appeals the illness and of the treatment received previously.

If the recurrence is wide and fond of several organs peripheral mother can be better the chemotherapy or the transplant of bone marrow or transplant of cell.

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