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 GENERAL INFORMATION
The cardiovascular disease is the most killer in the western countries. It kills 600.000 persons every year only in the USA. Although it develops slowly for many years, it kills instantaneously (sudden death) in a third of the cases.
The blood glasses that take oxygen and nutrients to the proper cardiac muscle (or myocardium) are small and they form a crown that makes a detour to the heart (hence the name of "coronary" glasses).
The cardiovascular disease starts when in these small glasses the called ateroma badges develop (to See Arteriosclerosis), which are an accumulation of cholesterol, calcium and other substances in the walls of the glasses. Then one compromises in major or minor grade the flow of oxygen and nutrients to the proper heart, with effects that change from an angina pectoris or an infarction of myocardium, up to a heart failure.
The arteriosclerosis in the different glasses happens of irregular form, in some much more than in others. The presence in a given glass of badges of ateroma does that in the above mentioned glass tightenings exist and that in them there develops more easily a thrombus, a clot of thrombocytes, proteins of the coagulation and cellular garbage that the glass ends up by stopping up. An embolism is a thrombus that has traveled round the blood up to coming to a small glass where it is nailed like a sucker. Thrombosis and embolism are, then, equivalent terms.
The same factors that favor the arteriosclerosis are the factors that favor the cardiovascular disease development.
On the other hand, the walls of the coronary arteries have muscle, and this muscle can suffer spasms, which make take in more still the glass in a certain area. The coronary spasms can happen without apparent cause, but also for exhibition to cold or fortress stress emotionally.
The cardiovascular disease is diagnosed by a series of elementary tests, and for those who suffer it there can be necessary other more sophisticated tests (effort test, cateterismo cardiac, or coronariografía, I study isotópico).
The treatment of the cardiovascular disease includes a series of medications and dietetic and preventive measurements. The surgery can manage to correct the obstruction of the coronary glasses, well by means of by-pass (derivation) or in some cases by means of the opening of the taken in glasses or angioplastia it would crown.
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