There exist infections that, if they affect the mother during the pregnancy, can be dangerous for the fetus since they are capable of happening up to the fetus across the afterbirth and of provoking injuries. These infections are usually light or subclinical in the mother (German measles, CMV, toxoplasmosis), although this is not always the case (syphilis). Once infected, the fetus can die but, what it is more important, it can survive and be born with an infection (VIH, toxoplasmosis), and often with a few typical malformations (German measles, syphilis). The German measles are the only congenital infection that can be avoided in the current moment by means of the vaccination.
Congenital German measles: The fetus is particularly sensitive to the German measles when the maternal infection takes place during the first three months of pregnancy. In this epoch there are forming the heart, the brain, the eyes and the ears, and the virus interferes with his development. If the fetus survives it can show certain anomalies.
Congenital infection for citomegalovirus(CMV): It is a primary maternal infection during the pregnancy, about 40 % of the fetuses becomes infected and their 5 % shows signs in the birth. The fetus is not known yes it is especially vulnerable to certain phases of the pregnancy. The fetus also becomes infected after the revival of the CNIV in (seropositive) immunized mothers for the pregnancy, but the fetal injury is then infrequent. Up to 1-2 % of the children born in the United States they are infected (less in the United Kingdom) and up to their approximately 10 % they are symptomatic.
Congenital syphilis: Due to the selective detection habitual serológica for the syphilis in the prenatal clinics and to the treatment with penicillin, the congenital syphilis at present is rare, but it is more frequent in the developing countries. The clinical characteristics in nursing are the rinitis (noise on having breathed), the cutaneous injuries and of mucous membranes, the hepatoesplenomegalia, the linfadenopatia and the bony, dental and cartilaginous alterations (nose in chair of mounting).
Congenital Toxoplasmosis: The asymptomatic infection for Toxoplasmagondii during the pregnancy can produce fetal malformations. Approximately 35 % of the healthy adults is immunized before the Toxoplasmagondíi. The clinical characteristics of congenital toxoplasmosis in the children include the convulsions, the microcephaly, the coriorretinitis, the hepatoesplenomegalia and the icterícia, with hydrocephalus, mental deficiency and visual defects. Often there are no detectable alterations in the birth, and the signs usually appear after some years. The incidence of infection and injury (that provokes abortion, birth of dead children or illness in the newborn baby) increases from 14 % when the maternal infection takes place in the first trimester up to 59 % when it takes place in the third trimester.
Congenital infection for VIH. About 20 % of the born children of mothers infected by the VIH suffers infection in the womb. From the clinical point of view, the congenital infection for the VIH shows in the shape of little increase of weight, delay in the development, pneumonia línfocítica, adenopatias, hepatoesplenomegalia, diarrhea and pneumonia, and nursing some of them suffer encefalopatía and AIDS during the first year of life. The infection can take place during or shortly after the birth.
Congenital Listeriosis and neonatal. The maternal exhibition can provoke animals or food infected by Listeria the death of the fetus or malformations. It is distributed in the whole world in a big variety of animals that include the dairy cattle, the pigs, the rodents and the birds, and the bacterium is present in the plants and the soil. Listeria can grow to habitual temperatures of refrigeration (for example, 3-4 ºC). The transmission happens to the man for contact with infected animals and his dregs or consumption of not pasteurized milk, soft cheeses or contaminated vegetables. In the pregnant woman there provokes an illness gripal light but takes place a bacteriemia that infects the afterbirth and later to the fetus. This can provoke an abortion, a premature childbearing or a pneumonia with abscesses. The nursing one also can become infected shortly after the birth, for example, from other children or of the personnel of the hospital, what can provoke an illness meningítica.
It is important for the pregnant woman to take you would be measured to avoid infections. To avoid the contagion mechanisms it is advisable that:
Take precautions in the contact with cats and other domestic animals.
Eat neither meat nor raw eggs, slightly cured nor sausages. He must wash its hands after touching the meat in the kitchen and must avoid to eat fruits or fresh vegetables to wash-down.
He must avoid the contact with carrying patients of an infection of any type and not be exhibited to contract illness of sexual broadcast. In these cases the condom use is advised. The woman who supports relations with several sexual partners has major probabilities of contracting a sexually transmitted disease, which can be dangerous for the mother and the fetus.
TO CONSULT 
WHAT DOCTOR CAN TREAT ME?
