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 OTHER NAMES
- Birth control
- Familiar planning
- Contraception
DEFINITION
Methods used by couples and individuals sexually active to prepare the pregnancy. (To see also Oral Contraceptives).
The reasons to use the contraceptive skills include the personal desires (of stopping having children, never having them, or of postponing the pregnancy); medical problems that can threaten the health of the mother or the fetus (such like diabetes, hypertension, illnesses of heart, infection for VIH). FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED
Viability
Can the method carry out without a prescription, visits the doctor or, in case of minors, paternal assent?.
Cost
Is it the reasonable method for the individual or couple?. The utility can be proved, to heft the cost if the individual or the couple can confront not wished pregnancy. Efficacy
To evaluate the effectiveness it is important to bear in mind the statistics more than the theoretical efficacy. The efficacy expresses itself like the number of pregnancies observed in 100 women using this method in a period of one year (that is to say, pregnancies for every 100 women in 1 year of use). Not planned pregnancy
The importance of not planned pregnancy should be considered by the individual or couple when a contraception method is chosen. If the effect of a not planned pregnancy is considered to be potentially catastrophic, a highly effective method should be chosen. On the other hand, if a couple simply wants to postpone the pregnancy but she feels that the pregnancy can be welcome if it happens earlier than the planned thing, a less effective method can be a suitable election. Risk for the health
The potential safety of the different methods of contraception should be evaluated for every user. Any birth control methods cannot be valid options, because of his risks for the health (for example, the contraceptive oral ones normally are not recommended for women of any more than 40 years). Involvement of the couple
It is important to bear in mind the disposition of the couple to accept, to collaborate or to contribute a certain contraception method before deciding on one in particular. It can be suitable, enclosed, to reconsider the election to initiate or to continue a sexual relation with a couple badly ready to take a supported and active role in the contraception. METHODS OF CONTRACEPTION AND STATISTICS OF EFFECTIVENESS
Methods "Of local customs and manners"
Coitus interruptusTo extract the penis of the vagina before the ejaculation. In the theory, this method is probably so effective as some of the most conventional methods. Nevertheless, in practice, often a little of semen escapes. This can be sufficient to initiate a pregnancy. For it, this is not a sure method.
He douches postcoital
He douches after the sexual relation. This method is ineffective because the sperm can come beyond the cervix in 90 seconds later to the ejaculation. Breast feeding
It is a deceit that the women do not ovulate and therefore they do not go so far as to remain pregnant women while they are giving of sucking. In 6 % of women, the ovulation returns with the first cycle after the childbearing. The women who feed his babies and do not wish another pregnancy, need to use a trustworthy form of contraception.
The combination of contraceptive oral (estrogen and luteosterone) cannot take during the lactation. Nevertheless, the "mini tablet" (luteosterone exclusively) can take without risk. Also, all the contraception barrier methods are sure to use during the lactation.
"Traditional" methods
Condoms
Thin case (preferably of latex since also it protects from the sexually transmitted diseases) putting before the sexual relation. The condoms are obtained
easily and to low cost in most of the drugstores and supermarkets. Some centers of familiar planning offer condoms of free form.
Effectiveness: approximately 12 pregnancies for every 100 women in 1 year of use. The efficacy increases when spermicides are used also. Vaginal spermicides
There are chemical jellies, you foam, cremate or suppositories that got into the vagina before the sexual relation, kill to the sperms.
This method is easily available; they can be bought in most of the drugstores. Nevertheless, this secondhand method is not only very effective.
Effectiveness: approximately 21 pregnancies for every 100 women in 1 year of use. Diaphragm
Flexible Cup of gum that fills with spermicide in cream or cheers, and puts itself in the vagina, on in cervix before the sexual relation. It is necessary to stop in the place from 6 until 8 hours after the sexual act.
The diaphragms must be prescribed by the doctor, who determines the size and appropriate type of diaphragm for every woman.
Effectiveness: approximately 18 pregnancies for every 100 women in 1 year of use. Vaginal contraceptive sponge
Soft synthetic sponge impregnated with spermicide, which becomes damp and puts in the vagina, on the cervix, before the sexual relation. It is quite similar to the diaphragm like barrier mechanism.
After the sexual relation, the sponge should be left in the place from 6 until 8 hours. This method is free without prescription in most of drugstores.
Effectiveness: between 18 and 28 pregnancies for every 100 women in 1 year of use. Control of fertility ("natural familiar planning")
This method needs that a changes variety is observed in the body of the woman (fell like, changes of the cervical snot, basal temperature) and that should sign up in a calendar to determine when the ovulation appears. The couple abstains from the sexual relation without protection for several days earlier and after the day in which it is presumed that the ovulation happens. This method needs formation and practice to recognize the changes of the body as well as also a big effort and continuous commitment. Effectiveness: between 15 and 20 pregnancies for every 100 women in 1 year of use.
"Modern" methods
Contraceptive oral (the "tablet")
This method uses a combination of estrogen and progesterone in doses that prepare the ovulation and regulate the cycles. A doctor can expire contraceptive oral (for the mouth).
The method is highly effective if the woman remembers to take his tablet correctly once a day.
The oral antibiotics can diminish the efficacy of the tablets of birth control.
Therefore, a help should be used to the contraception method while antibiotics take and up to the next menstrual period after the completion of the antibiotic. Because of the big variety of contraceptive oral, the women who experience unpleasant effects with some type of tablet are normally capable of using different oral contraceptive other. It is important that the women who begin with "the tablet" support a communication with his doctor so that this one could prescribe or change the contraceptive oral one to every patient.
Effectiveness: between 2 and 3 pregnancies for every 100 women in 1 year of use. The only oral luteosterone ("mini - tablet")
This type of tablet of birth control does not contain any estrogen between his components. It is, therefore, an alternative for these women who wish a highly effective contraception method in a tablet, but they are sensitive to the estrogen or cannot take a contraceptive one that contains estrogen for other reasons (such like the breast feeding).
The only luteosterone since contraceptive oral it is lightly less effective than the combined one.
Effectiveness: between 3 and 7 pregnancies for every 100 women in 1 year of use. Progesterone implants
They are implanted surgically under the skin, normally of the arm, six small rods. These rods liberate a continuous dose of luteosterone that inhibits the ovulation, it changes the revetment of the womb, and thickens the cervical snot avoiding that the sperm between in the womb.
The implants provide contraceptive protection for a period of 5 years.
The high initial expense (several thousands of pesetas) can be really a minor to buy a bundle of contraceptive oral every month in the same period of time. The method is highly effective.
Effectiveness: less than 1 pregnancy for every 100 women in 1 year of use. Hormonal injections
An injection of progesterone recommended by his doctor who puts himself in the muscular textile of the buttocks or arm. This injection avoids the ovulation.
The only injection gives contraceptive protection during a period of 90 days. This method is highly effective and it does not depend on the fulfillment of the patient.
Effectiveness: less than 1 pregnancy for every 100 women in 1 year of use. Intrauterine device (DIU)
Small device of copper or plastic, put inside the womb of the woman for his gynecologist, who changes the uterine ambience adapting it to avoid the pregnancy. The DIU can be left in the place for several years. The method should not be used by women who have a history of pelvic infection, I embarrass ectópico or that has any more than one sexual couple (and they have therefore a higher risk of acquiring sexually transmitted diseases).
Effectiveness: between 2 and 3 pregnancies for every 100 women in 1 year of use.
WHEN TO CONSULT HIS DOCTOR
To ask for additional information, if it is wished, with regard to the contraception (the birth control), and the specific contraception methods. Also (in following 12 p.m.) if there is an episode of defeat of some method (for example, the break of a condom) and the pregnancy is not wished. WHAT DOCTOR CAN TREAT ME?
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DENOMINATION 
