The most frequent bones cancer is the metástasis, that is to say, the implantation in the bone of a preexisting cancer in another area of the body. Nevertheless, also it is possible to develop primary tumors of the bone, caused there from a beginning. The most representative of these are the osteosarcoma and the Ewing sarcoma.

The osteosarcoma is an illness in which (malignant) cancerous cells are in the bone. The osteosarcoma happens more often in adolescents and young adults. In children it happens more often in the bones of the knee.

The Ewing sarcoma (tumor neuroectodérmico primitive) is another type of cancer of bone, much rarer; the cancerous cells of the sarcoma of Ewing are completely different, from the microscope, from those of the osteosarcoma. The Ewing sarcoma happens with major frequency in adolescents, and the most common areas in which it happens are the pelvis, the leg (femur), the arm (humerus) and the ribs.

As in all the cancerous processes, the probability of recovery (prognosis) and the election of treatment they will depend on the size, location, type and stadium of the cancer, the time passed from the beginning of symptoms, and on the state of health in general.

As soon as there was detected the cancer of bones - it is osteosarcoma or Ewing sarcoma - more examinations will have to be done to determine if the cancerous cells have been spread to other parts of the body.

At present, a classification system does not exist for the bones cancer. In his place, most of the patients gather together if the cancer finds in only one part of the body (located illness) or if it has been spread from a part of the body to other one (spread illness). Also it can happen that the cancer turns out to be once cured again, well in the bone or in another area (relapse).

The osteosarcoma is spread to the lungs with major frequency. Also it can be spread to other bones.

Since in all the cancerous processes, the treatment of the cancer of bones is completely individualized and demands the narrow collaboration of traumatologists and oncologists.

Treatment of the osteosarcoma

• Located Osteosarcoma. The treatment might consist of some of the following ones:

1. Surgery to extirpate the cancer continued by adjuvant chemotherapy.
(Generally there is necessary the amputation of arm or leg).
2. Chemotherapy followed by surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy.

• Spread Osteosarcoma. The treatment might consist of some of the following ones:

1. Surgery to extirpate the cancer continued by adjuvant chemotherapy.
2. Chemotherapy followed by surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy.

The surgery can incluír the eradication of the cancer spread to the lungs. Sometimes more than one operation is needed to remove the whole cancer.

• Osteosarcoma appellant (Relapse). The treatment will depend where from it appealed the cancer, what class of treatment was administered previously and some other factors. A clinical essay with combination chemotherapy might be an option of reasonable treatment.

 

Treatment of the sarcoma of primitive Ewing/Tumor neuroectodérmico

• Sarcoma of located Ewing. The treatment will depend where from the cancer is placed in the body. If the cancer is in the elbow, the knees, the jaw, skull, face, shoulder, breastbone or vertebrae, the treatment might consist of some of the following ones:

1. Combination chemotherapy.
2. Surgery and chemotherapy of combination.
3. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy of combination.
4. A clinical essay of chemotherapy and new ways of administering radiotherapy.
5. A clinical essay of chemotherapy continued by surgery, with or without radiotherapy.

Also new doses and combinations of chemotherapy are evaluated in clinical essays.

• Sarcoma of spread Ewing. The treatment might consist of some of the following ones:

1. Combination chemotherapy.
2. Radiotherapy more combination chemotherapy.
3. Combination chemotherapy more surgery to extirpate the cancer that has been spread to the lungs.

New doses and combinations of chemotherapy are evaluated in clinical essays with or without radiation treatment.

• Sarcoma of Ewing appellant (Relapse). The treatment will depend where from it appealed the cancer, what class of treatment was administered previously and other individual factors of the patient. It might administer radiotherapy to reduce the symptoms. New treatments are always evaluated in clinical essays.

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