DEFINITION

The cancer of the colon is an illness in which cancerous cells are in the textiles of the colon. In this type of cancer there is a familiar heredity that is transmitted by a gene (chain of DNA), the bearers of this gene can be detected and treated much precozmente

DIAGNOSIS

The precocious detection is fundamental for it there must be realized preventive explorations as the rectal tact, the rectoscopia, and colonoscopia, especially the persons that it has factors of risk (polyps in the colon, ulcerous colawsuit) or familiar heredity of cancer of colon. A blood test is realized also to detect the antigen carcinoembrionario (CEA), which rises in the blood in this type of cancer.

EXTENSION STAGES

The classification for stages is a classification that is realized after the suitable studies that could define the extension of the cancer (of the cancerous cells) for the mucous membrane of the colon and for nearby areas or over a distance.

• Stage 0 or (carcinoma in situ). Cancerous cells only in superficial textiles of the colon.
• Stage I. Cancerous cells out of the most internal layer of the colon to the second and third you geld and it complicates the interior wall of the colon, but not to the exterior wall of the colon (cancer of the colon Dukes A).
• Stage II. Cancerous cells spread out of the colon to the nearby textiles, but not to the lymphatic ganglions. (cancer of the colon Dukes B).
• Stage III. Cancerous cells spread out of the colon and to the nearby lymphatic ganglions, but not to other organs (Dukes C).
• Stage IV. Cancerous cells spread out of the colon and for other organs of the body (Dukes D).
• Appellant. When there look like cells again as soon as treatment was received, they can appear in the colon or in another place of the body (liver, lungs)

TREATMENT

For the treatment of the cancer of the colon there exist three classes of available treatments, the surgery, the radiotherapy and the chemotherapy

- The surgery uses in all the extension stages of the cancer of colon, being able to use:

• In very initial cancerous tumors, one can realize by means of the colonoscopio a cut of the affected area, which is usually a polyp (polipectomía).
• If the cancer is major there will be extirpated the cancer and a surrounding part of healthy textile, then the resultant completions get connected, and the ganglions of the area are cleaned
• If the union becomes difficult an opening of the colon is realized towards the exterior, what is called colostomía. This can be transitory and on having improved the picture to turn to close. If the colostomía is permanent he will be necessary a special bag to gather the dregs.

- The radiotherapy in the colon cancer can be an intern or a day pupil and is used alone or with surgery and/or chemotherapy.

- The chemotherapy is realized across a pipe that is left installed in the vein while a small bomb provides continuous treatment to him for a weeks period, or is realized in periodic injections in the installed cannula. It usually administer after the surgery operation.

- In the colon cancer it is possible to apply a biological treatment with products natural or synthesized to stimulate ó to restore the immune defenses.

The treatment for stages of the cancer of the colon they will depend on the extension of the illness and of the general state of health of the affected person.

• CANCER OF COLUMBUS - STAGE 0

1. Simple Polipéctomia colonoscópica in order to extract the whole cancer.
2. Intestinal resection

• CANCER OF COLUMBUS - STAGE I

1. Surgery with intestinal resection to eliminate the cancer

• CANCER OF COLUMBUS - STAGE II

1. Surgery with intestinal resection to eliminate the cancer
2. Clinical studies of chemotherapy, radiotherapy or biological therapy after surgery.
3. If the tumor has been spread chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy is added after the surgery

• CANCER OF COLUMBUS - STAGE III

1. Surgery with intestinal resection to eliminate the cancer, continued for
chemotherapy.
2. Clinical studies of chemotherapy, radiotherapy or biological therapy after surgery.

• CANCER OF COLUMBUS - STAGE IV

1. Surgery with intestinal resection to eliminate the cancer or to improve or to support the function of the colon
2. Invasive surgery of cleanliness of other affected organs
3. Radiotherapy to relieve the pain.
4. Chemotherapy.
5. Clinical studies with chemotherapy or biological therapy.

• CANCER OF COLUMBUS - APPELLANT

1. Invasive surgery of cleanliness of the affected organs
2. Radiotherapy to relieve the pain.
3. Chemotherapy.
4. Clinical studies with chemotherapy or biological therapy.

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