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 DEFINITION
The brucellosis or "fever of Malta" is an infectious illness with episodes appellants of fever, weakness, sudoración and vague pains, a microorganism called Brucella that is in the secretions and the feces of cows, pigs, sheep and goats.
It is acquired on having consumed milk of cow, of sheep or of goat or his derivatives (butter, cheese) that contain viable microorganisms (not pasteurized). Also it is acquired by direct contact with secretions and feces of the animals, by what is an occupational disease of veterinarians, butchers, farmers and stockbreeders.
CLINIC
The period of incubation (I freed of symptoms) of the brucellosis ranges between 5 days and several months (I divide equally 2 weeks). The symptoms and the most typical signs are:
- Fever and shakes, with elevation of the fever in the evenings.
- Very intense headache.
- Muscular pains and you will articulate.
- Constipation.
- Lacking in appetite, loss of weight and weakness.
- Increase of size of the spleen, the liver and the lymphatic ganglions.
The intermittent fever persists for some weeks, and then the symptoms send for some days, to appear later, generally with repeated feverish peaks and references for months.
DIAGNOSIS
Agglutinations. They consist of a specific test with whey of the patient, who has value great, especially when it is clearly positive (Qualifications> 1:160).
Cultivation. The isolation of the microorganism of the blood or other textiles is the definitive diagnosis.
TREATMENT
It consists of the combined and long administration of antibiotics to avoid relapsing. Generally tetraciclinas combinations are used with streptomycin.
COMPLICATIONS
The patients with not complicated sharp brucellosis usually recover in 2-3 weeks, and the complications are rare. They can happen:
- Meningoencefalitis (Infection of the central nervous system)
- Orchitis (inflammation of the testicles)
- Colecistitis (inflammation of the biliary vesicle)
- Hepatic abscess
- Injuries osteoarticulares.
PROFILÁXIS (PREVENTION) - Always to take milk and pasteurized milk derivatives.
- The persons who manipulate animals or dead animals must use glasses and rubber gloves and avoid the wounds contamination.
- To detect the infected animals and to sacrifice them, and to vaccinate the hogs babies and bovine in areas where infected animals have been detected.
WHAT DOCTOR CAN TREAT ME?
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