INFORMATION

The mechanism of the vomiting is extremely complex to the being an answer reflects commonly to a big variety of stimuli and circumstances fisiopatológicas. The center of the vomiting can receive information of the internal ear of the gastrointestinal tract, of the brain of the testicles, etc... By means of diverse communication systems these reflexes take place therefore there are diverse medicines with multiple effects to control the mechanism of the vomiting.

The Escopolamina produces the blockade of the recipients colinérgicos and of the histamine being very useful in the kinetic sickness (of movement) proceeding from the internal ear. The same effects (dryness and sleep) are his principal side effects.

The antihistamines H1 (Dimenhidrinato, Meclozina) are used also in the kinetic sickness. Less powerful than the escopolamina but with less adverse effects.

The Clorpromazina and other derivatives are effective in a big variety of stimuli of low or moderate intensity.

The Butirofenonas is more powerful for the intense vomiting, but also they produce more adverse effects.

The Metoclopramida in high doses (1-3 mg/kg) was antiemetic the most powerful available one for vomiting for chemotherapy until the ondansetrona appeared.

The derivatives that produce the recipients blockade serotoninérgicos HT3 (Granisetrona, Ondansetrona, Tropisetrona) are the group of antiemetic more powerful for vomiting of chemotherapy, radiotherapy and in postoperative. Only they usually produce migraines. They all are of efficacy and similar side effects.

The products derived from the Cannabis (marijuana): (Tetrahidrocannabinol, Nabilona) with doubtful mechanism (opiates recipients?) they have been used in chemotherapy vomiting, but they are less effective and with more side effects than the antiserotoninérgicos.

The Dexametasona, and other steroids act like antiemetic for unknown mechanism, and they are used like additive action to the metoclopramida effect and ondansetrona, in the vomiting for chemotherapy.

The combination ondansentrona/dexametasona provides the highest antiemetic potency at present.

The diazepinas (Diazepam, Lorazepam and others) are useful like coadjutant of other treatment, like preventive in chemotherapy.

TO SEE ALSO

• Antiemetic Generic
• Antiemetic TV/radio commercials

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