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Frequent questions | |
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He asks the doctor | |
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Beginning | |
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ANTENNAS OF TELEPHONY AND HEALTH | |
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 DEFINITION TYPES EFFECTS PREVENTION TO SEE TO CONSULT |
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In the last years, with the development of the mobile phones we have seen that have placed antennas throughout; relay antennas that make possible that the mobiles have coverage. The antennas of radio frequency of the base stations of emission of mobile telephony are narrow and 1 meter long approximately. Several antennas of these characteristics are mounted on a tower, which height is generally from 15 to 50 meters, or on a building. The antennas of mobile telephony express a radio beam frequency of horizontal form and much I press hard almost like that of a focus of light, which is approximately parallel to the soil. Considering the scarce vertical largeness of the beam, the intensity of the field of radio frequency on the soil straight under the antenna is scarce and diminishes quickly on having moved away from her. At any distance, the levels in the soil of the field of radio frequency of the base stations find well below the limits marked by the guidelines internments for the exhibition of the public in general. Some antennas mounted in roofs have fences to prevent the persons from placing themselves in places where the fields of radio frequency (RF) exceed these limits. Since the antennas mounted in side walls of buildings direct his potency to the exterior, the persons who are inside are not very exposed. The emission that produce these antennas is inside the radiation calls not ionizante, that is all energy in the shape of waves that propagate across the space.
The waves of radio generated by some antennas (particularly those of radio stations FM and television in VHF) are more absorbed by the human beings that the generated ones by other sources (such like antennas of base stations of phones mobile); but once the energy has been absorbed the effects there are the same. Also, the antennas of radio FM and television are from 100 to 5.000 times more powerful than the base stations antennas, but they settle in much higher towers (generally from 800 to 1.200 feet) [from 243,8 to 365,8 meters]. The electric power in the United States goes to 60 Hz. The radio AM has a frequency about 1 MHz, the radio FM has a frequency about 100 MHz. The (mobile) cell phones operate to 860-900 MHz and the SCP operate to 1.800-2.200 MHz. Theoretically to more frequency less aptitude to alter the physiological mechanisms of a living organism, but also it is true that the accumulative and nearby doses produce heat. This radiation emission can produce electrical changes in the membrane of all the cells of the body, altering the cellular flows of some ions, especially the calcium, what might have important biological effects. Although it is undoubted that exercise biological effects, the role of the radiations not ionizantes like carcinogenic agents is polemic. In a lot of works there has decided a major relative risk of leukemia, cerebral tumors and other cancers in subjects that reside in the proximities of the lines of high tension and between different exposed populations professionally. The firmest association suspicion has been established by the infantile leukemia. Nevertheless, the studies are contradictory, especially for the difficulty of measuring the exhibition to the radiation not ionizante and the secondhand epidemiologic-statistical methods. This way, multiple works exist in the opposite direction.
From the point of view of the public health, it is thought that it is necessary to consider these finds to be serious warnings on the potential adverse effects of the radiation not ionizante; although, before the absence of definitive evidence, the only recommendation might be that of "prudent avoidance". The current scientific tests indicate that it is not probable that the exhibition at limited levels of fields of RF, included what the mobile phones and his base stations express, induces or promotes cancers. To elucidate the problem of the located exhibition, an important study, which realizes the International Center of Investigations on the Cancer - special organ of the WHO - it examines the relations between the use of mobile phones and possible long-term adverse effects for the health. The problem is in the closeness in horizontal sense, to more than 10 meters that it is what the regulation arranges the risks they are minimal. The cells of the children are more vulnerable, for immaturity and that of the elders because they are already more altered by other mechanisms, and in this case they are capable to these changes. That fulfills the regulation, which isolates appropriately the area and which is born in mind to the neighbors of the surroundings, the waves affect horizontally more the opposite neighbors than to the proper ones. Precautions must take when mobile phones are used in the proximities of the sensitive teams electromédicos used in the units of intensive alertness of the hospitals. In some cases, the mobile phones can interfere with air navigation systems, and with certain medical devices, like pacemaker and earphones. The persons who use such devices must consult his doctor to determine his susceptibility to these interferences. Simple protection measurements: fences or barriers concerning the antennas emplacements can help to avoid the access not authorized to areas where perhaps the fixed limits excel themselves. Although the levels of the field of radio frequency concerning the base stations are not considered to be a risk for the health, the decisions on his emplacement must bear in mind the esthetics and the sensibility of the public. To locate, for example, base stations close to gardens of infancy, schools and playgrounds can need a special consideration. The free communication and the debate between the operator of mobile telephony and the public during the planning stadiums for a new antenna can help to create a major public comprehension and to which the new facilities are accepted better. An effective information system and of communication between scientists, governments, the industry and the public can help to extend the general knowledge on the technology of the mobile phones and to reduce desconfianzas and fears, both real and imaginary. |
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DEFINITION |
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