The coexistence with domestic animals in the houses, independently of his possible specific functions inside the hearths (so diverse as to keep the house, the occasional care of children, or the hunting for rodents) can be very beneficial for children and adults, since cats, dogs, hámsters, guinea pigs, rabbits, birds, fish, turtles or small reptiles provide, when less, company, and they contribute to the children also to learning in the capture of responsibilities (cleanliness, feeding, walks, etc).

Nevertheless, the coexistence with domestic animals is not exempt from risks for the health. The hair of cats, dogs, rodents and horses, for example, can be a factor sensibilizante to do an allergy. And the animals that are not definitely controlled by a veterinarian and properly vaccinated, can be a cause of illnesses in the persons (zoonosis is the term used in Veterinarian for this type of illnesses).

Some examples of zoonosis are:

• Cyst hidatídico (infection for the helminto Echinococcus granulosus). The human contagion happens more in the infancy, after the child plays with infected dogs or on having consumed vegetables or waters contaminated with eggs of the parasite. Fond of the liver and of the lung, especially.

• Cenurosis. Taenia multiceps lives, in adult stadium, in the intestine of the dogs, and the larvae develop in the textiles of sheep, goats and other herbivorous animals, where they form cenuros or cysts with several escólex (heads), but without vesicles daughters. The man is contagious incidentally on having consumed food contaminated by the dogs' excrement parasitados. The cenuros develop in the subcutaneous cellular textile, the eye and, especially, the brain. Passed several years appear symptoms that simulate a cerebral tumor.

• Toxocariasis. Larva migrans visceral. The larvae of two species of helmintos that parasitan to the dog and to the cat, named Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati, respectively, can be consumed of accidental form by the man and to cause granulomas in diverse textiles. It is believed that they are infected about 10 % of the dogs.

• Coriomeningitis linfocitaria. It is a benign infection produced by a virus, which reservoir is the Card game musculus, or common mouse, which is infected much more often in a few geographical areas than in others; other possible guests might be the hámsters, the guinea pigs and even the dogs. The infection can acquire two different clinical forms: seriously (meningitis / meningoencefalitis) and set sail (syndrome seudogripal).
  It is furious (hydrophobia). Sharp infectious illness of the mammals, especially of the carnivora, characterized by annoyance of the central nervous system followed by palsy and death. It is caused by a virus that often is present in the saliva of the rabid animals and that transmits the man for bite. In the countries in which there is vaccinated 70 % or more of the dogs, the transmission of the anger is restricted efficiently.

• Crashing bore is a rare and contagious illness produced by Pseudomonkey mallei, that transmit équidos infected (donkeys, mules, horses), by which it is observed especially in professionals that they work with equine cattle.

• Pasteurella multocida produces sporadic and epidemic cases of pneumonia and hemorrhagic septicemia in many animals. Also, said microrganismo he is distributed extensively in the nature and it is possible to isolate it of the oral cavity and the pharynx of multitude of animals, wild and domestic. The infections not related to wounds usually happen in persons who support some type of contact with animals.

• Leptospirosis, the dogs are bearers of this illness. In the countries in which the dogs are vaccinated, the transmission of the leptospirosis is restricted efficiently.

• Fever botonosa. Illness exantemática endemic frequent in the countries of the basin of the Mediterranean. Caused by Rickettsia conorii and transmitted by the tick of the dog (Rhipicephalus sanguineus). The man is an accidental guest in the biological cycle of the ticks. Most of the patients recount contact with dogs. Sometimes the illness appears by sting of ticks that are in the soil.

• Fever Q is a zoonosis of world distribution. It owes to a bacterium called Coxiella (or Rickettsia) burnetii. In general, it is an endemic process described practically in all the Spanish geography, although it can take place in the shape of epidemic sprouts as regards the cattle move, as it has happened in the Basque Country. Almost all the domestic animals (cows, sheep, goats, dogs, cats) and savages (rabbits, small rodents, foxes) can be infected, constituting the habitual reservoir of the illness.

• Illness for cat scratch. The illness contracts, almost always, for cat scratch. These animals are transitory bearers of the agent (a bacterium) in the fingernails and they do not denote signs of the illness.

• Fungi. The ringworms of skin or of scalp are more frequent in the rural environment and in children males in preschool and school age, the contagion is established straight from the animals infected (dogs, cats, dairy cattle, rodents), of other individuals who endure it, by manipulation of ground where the fungi is or across diverse objects of common employment in the family environment.

• Toxoplasmosis. The toxoplasmosis is very frequent, affecting in the whole world many persons and many species of animals and birds. The definitive guest of the parasite is the cat. The toxoplasmosis is acquired well on having consumed contaminated ground or raw meat / slightly made, well for direct contact with secretions and feces of cat, or for maternal - fetal route across the afterbirth (toxoplasmosis congenital). The acquired toxoplasmosis is a light and often inadvertent illness. The congenital toxoplasmosis, on the other hand, is very serious for the fetus, to which it can cause blindness and irreversible damages in the central nervous system.

Prevention of the Toxoplasmosis:

• Care with the fresh food, and with the possible contamination of the dregs of the cat with the meals. (Toxoplasma gondii is in cysts inside the rodents, these are eaten by the cats, the cat dregs contaminate the vegetables, which, on having been eaten by the rodents, turn to contaminate of toxoplasma cysts).

• The persons can be contagious across slightly cooked meals, for her contamination by the dregs of cat or animals. In the raw vegetables this contamination is easier to be transmitted.

• If the infection spends to the mother across the afterbirth raisin to the fetus. The precocious detection of the infection in the mother to put treatment on time is very important, as well as to diagnose as soon as possible an infection in the fetus or child to put the treatment precozmente and to avoid major problems.

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