DESCRIPTION

When the blocked or taken in coronary arteries produce angina pectoris or myocardium infarction in a rather young patient and without other complications, can be indicated a coronary angioplastia transluminal percutánea (ACTP), called simply angioplastia coronary.

The procedure is easier than the name. Basically it is a question of remodeling (angioplastia) the capped glass it would (crown) from within with the proper glass (transluminal) that one gains access across the skin (percutánea). All this is done by local anesthesia, with affected I wake up.

It looks alike very much to the diagnostic skill of cardiac cateterismo (coronariografía).

In the figure we can see the introduction of a catheter up to the coronary artery of the heart (ocluida for cholesterol badges it does not allow the blood step), on having come to the obstruction, the catheter gets conceited and dilates, what allows an expansion of the artery and leaves the permeable artery to the blood step.

After an injection of local anesthesia in the groin or in the area of the shoulder, a hollow tubito gets in an artery of the leg or of the arm and flexible called catheter guides. Guided by a monitor of TV that shows a X-ray image of the catheter advancing for the glass, the doctor takes the catheter up to the taken in coronary artery.

Once there another second catheter is inserted, smaller, inside the catheter he guides.

This second catheter has an inflatable balloon in the top, which gets conceited about half a minute to expand the part ocluida of the artery; when it is inflated, it is possible to notice pain anginoso, that disappears slowly on having deflated it.

Later the catheter balloon moves back, and there are done again radiographies (injecting a contrast radioopaco across the catheter he guides) to see how it has improved the flow. The whole process is completed in 30 to 90 minutes.

The results are good. The procedure fails only in a small percentage of patients, in whom there becomes necessary major cardiac surgery (by pass ó aorto-coronary derivation). The advantages of the angioplastia are countless with regard to the biggest surgery. The risks and the much lower costs of personal and material sound, and the later stay in the Hospital can be a few days, instead of weeks.

Nevertheless, the angioplastia does not treat the base illness (the arteriosclerosis, in general), and sometimes it is necessary to repeat it to re-open the same glass that has returned to ocluirse.

In a future, the doctors will be able to remove the badges of ateroma of the arteries, by means of mechanical devices or with light laser.

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