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 DENOMINATION
- It urinates abnormal and sediment.
- Systematical of Urine.
- Abnormal in Urine.
DEFINITION
The routine urine analysis is a measurement for physical and chemical methods to measure different chemical and microscopic parameters to diagnose the presence of urinal infections, renal illnesses, and other general illnesses that they produce metabolitos in the urine.
WHY IS THE ANALYSIS REALIZED?
It is used to evaluate the function of the kidneys, of the different hormones that regulate it, and situations of the regulation of liquids in the human body. The urine analysis is realized like routine study for discrimination of the state of health, for the precocious diagnosis of different illnesses, for the control of the diabetes or renal illnesses. Also to diagnose urinal infections or the presence of renal illnesses.
PROCEDURE OF SECURING
It is necessary to have a clean, better packing if it is sterile. The best hour to take a sample is the first hour of the morning, since it is more concentrated and can show better the possible aberrations. To gather the urine there will be cleaned the head of the penis or the vagina with water and soap drying with a dry and clean towel. To begin to urinate and drop the first part of the urine to the toilet, then put the clean packing to gather approximately 50 to 80 cc and to separate the packing of the exit of the urine. Then the packing closes appropriately for his transport and it delivers to the sanitary personnel in charge of the achievement of the analysis. The best urine analysis is realized by a collection of less than 15 minutes before realizing the same one. The vitamin excess C taken for different reasons can interfere in the results of a routine analysis of urine. There are medicines that modify the color of the urine and he must not be taken like an abnormality, between them they are: The cloroquina, the iron, the levodopa, the nitrofurantoína, the fenotiacina, the fenitoína, the riboflavin and the triamterene.
PROBLEMS AND POSSIBLE RISKS
The collection of a sample for urine analysis.
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND MICROSCOPIC ANALYSIS
Chemical analysis of the urine In this part of the study the presence is described of:
- Interpretation of the appearance and color of the urine, there can appear diverse changes, clear clear, cloudy, yellow urine, dark, red, green, blue marilla, etc...)
- Presence of bilirrubina in urine
- Presence of glucose in urine
- Hemoglobin in urine
- Cetonas in urine
- Nitrites in urine
- Measurement of the pH
- Proteins in urine
- Thickness of the urine
- Urobilinógeno in urine
Microscopic analysis of the urine In this part they are studied and give results of:
- Presence of bacteria or other microorganisms
- Glazing
- Fats
- Mucus
- Red blood corpuscles
- Renal tubular cells
- Cells epiteliales
- Leukocytes in urine
NORMAL VALUES OF THE PARAMETERS IN A ROUTINE ANALYSIS
- The color of the urine must be from transparent up to dark yellow.
- The concentration of the urine must be between 1.006 to 1.030. It can change for the hour of the day of collection, quantity of taken meal, or the realized exercise.
- The pH of the urine must be between 4,6 and 8,0.
- There must not be presence of glucose, cetonas, not proteins.
- There must not be presence of red blood corpuscles.
- There must not be hemoglobin.
- There must not be bilirrubina.
- There can be Urobilinógeno touches in the normal urine.
- There must not be nitrites.
- There must not be leukocytes.
EVALUATION OF ABNORMAL RESULTS
- Alterations in the color and appearance. The cloudy urine can owe to wing presence of pus to itself ó infections. The urine with dark yellow color can owe to the presence of urobilinógeno or bilirrubina.
The presence of red color suggests presence of red blood corpuscles or hemoglobin for renal problems, urinal infections.
The infection for pseudomonkeys can give a green color to wing urinates.
- Alterations of the concentration of the urine. The increase or decrease exaggerated and that do not stem from the proper variables of schedule of collection, excess of meals or exercise, can owe to problems of the renal function.
- Alterations of the pH of the urine. The urine with pH more alkaline (pH> 7,5) can be better for the decrease of the stone formation in the urinal route, inclusive it can favor the effect of certain antibiotics. If the urine is too acidic (pH< 5), también disminuye la formación de ciertas piedras del tracto urinario, disminuye la presencia de infecciones. Si está en los extremos puede deberse a muchas enfermedades.
The acidic urine has tendency to produce xantina glazing, cistina, uric acid and oxalato calcic.
The alkaline urine is accompanied of tendency to form calculations of calcic carbonate, calcic phosphate, and phosphate of magnesium.
- Presence of glucose in urine. It is possible to be supposed that if there is glucose in the urine it is that the glucose is raised in the blood, for a diabetes or for another reason. He usually accompanies himself of presence of bodies cetónicos, that they appear in excess in the not controlled diabetes.
- Presence of proteins in the urine. Principally it is an indicator of renal problems, like the glomerulonefritis, as the loss of proteins diminishes the pressure oncótica it usually accompany of interstitial edemas, what is called a syndrome nefrótico.
- The presence of cylinders can stem from accumulation of proteins or of cells.
The cylinders hialinos are piled up proteins and they are accompanied usually to proteinuria. They can it was finding cylinders hialinos after an intense exercise.
The presence of granular cellular cylinders there are accumulations of cellular particles of waste of white globules and cells epiteliales, they can appear after the intense exercise and in diverse renal illnesses.
- Blood presence (red blood corpuscles, hemoglobin) in the urine can be an indicator of bled renal, but also it happens after the intense physical exercise.
- Presence of bilirrubina in urine. It is an indicator of hepatic problems or of the biliary routes.
- The presence of nitrites in urine is an indicator of urinal infection.
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DENOMINATION 
