It is possible to realize the capture in an appropriate place (consultation, clinic, hospital) but sometimes it is realized in the proper domicile of the patient.

• To realize the capture it is needed of locating an appropriate vein and in general there are used the veins placed in the flexura of the elbow. The person entrusted to take the sample will use sanitary gloves, a needle (with a syringe or pipe of extraction).
• It will put a tortor (tape of gum - latex) in the arm so that the veins retain more blood and turn out to be more visible and accessible.
• It will clean the area of the prick with an antiseptic one and by means of a palpación it will locate the appropriate vein and will gain access to her with the needle. They will release the tortor.
• When the blood flows for the needle the sanitary one will realize an aspiration (by means of the syringe or by means of the application of a pipe with gap).
• On having finished the capture, it extracts the needle to itself and the area is pressed with a cotton or similar torunda to favor the coagulation and it will indicate him to itself that flexione the arm and the area pressed with a Band-Aid supports for some hours.
• The abstracted blood moves to the analysis laboratory in a special pipe for biochemistry, which contains an anticoagulant product. In general more than 10 milliliters of blood are not usually necessary for a standard battery of biochemical parameters.

PROBLEMS AND POSSIBLE RISKS

1. The securing by means of a prick of the vein can produce certain pain.
2. The possible difficulty in finding the appropriate vein can give place to several pricks
3. Appearance of a haematoma (bruise or cardinal) in the extraction area, is due usually to the fact that the vein has not closed well after the later pressure and blood has kept on going out producing this problem. Type Hirudoid can apply an ointment to itself ® or Trombocid ® in the area.
4. Inflammation of the vein (phlebitis), sometimes the vein turns out to be shaken, well be for a cause merely physically or why it has become infected. It will have to support the relaxed area a few days and type Hirudoid can apply an ointment to itself ® or Trombocid ® in the area. If the problem persists or appears fever will have to consult it with his doctor.

PRINCIPAL BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS

To study the renal function the values of urea are studied, creatinina, sodium, potassium, cholesterol, triglicéridos, calcium and phosphorus.

To value the function of the liver there are requested the transaminasas, the alkaline fosfatasas, the gammaglutamiltranspeptidasa, the bilirrubina.

For the diagnosis and control of the diabetes the glycemia, the hemoglobin is requested glicosilada (HbA1c), the cholesterol, the cholesterol HDL and the cholesterol LDL, the triglicéridos and the creatinina.

NORMAL VALUES

NORMAL VALUES OF THE MOST FREQUENT BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS
BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS	NORMAL VALUES
Glucose in blood	70 and 105 mg for deciliter (in children 40 to 100 mg/dl)
Uric acid	adult men: 4 and 8,5 mg/dl adult women: 2,5 to 7,5 mg/dl (children: 2,5 to 5 mg/dl)
Urea	7 and 20 mg for deciliter (children: 5 to 18 mg/dl)
Creatinina	adult men: 0,7 and 1,3 mg/dl adult women: 0,5 and 1,2 mg/dl (children 0,2 and 1 mg/dl)
Direct Bilirrubina	0,1 to 0,3 mg/100 ml
Entire Bilirrubina	0,3 to 1,0 mg/100 ml
Indirect Bilirrubina	minor of 1,0 mg/ml
Alkaline Fosfatasa	30 to 120 U/L
Gamma GT	Men: 8 to 38 U/L Women: 5 to 27 U/L
GOT	5 to 32 mU/ml
GPT	7 to 33 mU/ml
Cholesterol	100 to 200 mg/100ml
HDL	Men: major than 45 mg/100ml Women: major than 55 mg/100ml
LDL	60 and 180 mg/100ml
Entire proteins	6,4 to 8,3 gr/dl
Albumin	3,5 to 5 gr/dl
Calcium	8,5 to 10,5 mg/100ml
Potassium	3,5 to 5 mmol/L
Sodium	135 to 145 mEQ/L
Phosphorus	2,9 to 5,0 mg/100 ml

In these values there can be certain differences for the skill or for proper criteria of normality of concrete laboratories, sometimes in the status of values and other times for the units to which one alludes.

TO SEE ALSO

• Uric acid in Blood
• Bilirrubina
• Creatinina
• Gamma GT
• Glucose in Blood
• Transaminasa GOT
• Transaminasa GPT
• Urea in Blood

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