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 DEFINITION
A hallucination is a false sensory perception in absence of an external stimulus. The hallucinations can happen in any sensory form - visual, auditory, olfactory, gustatoria, tactile or mixed several.
TERMINOLOGY
It is important to distinguish the following terms:
Hallucination: perception without object.
a) I perceive something that does not exist, it can be visual or auditory;
b) what I perceive, I perceive it in the exterior, out of me;
c) I do not have any doubt that it is real, any reality conscience.
Pseudohallucination: false hallucination or psychic hallucination. It is a perception without object but what is perceived, it is perceived inside, inside the mind, thought or language of the subject - "my brain speaks to me". The reality judgment is positive, the subject is sure that it is like that.
Alucinosis: perception without object but of external origin. The subject thinks that it cannot be, possesses critical capacity, there is no safety of which the perception is accurate. Example: Auditory Alucinosis of the chronic alcoholics. They hear hallucinations related to his frenzies of jealousy, but they are conscious of that are not real.
Illusion: distortion of a real perception. It confuses something real with a fictitious image, distortion of the reality. They are particularly strong in moments that precede the sleep and in the later ones to wake up in all the subjects.
The isolated hallucinations are very rare; the transitory most frequent are the provoked ones by poisonous substances, you drug...
CONDITIONS OF APPEARANCE
Causes of the appearance of hallucinations:
- Recipients - routes injury mimosas: they provoke fundamentally Alucinosis phenomena. Example: chronic alcoholics, because they have the nerves flooded with alcohol - polineuritis-.
- Affectation of the SNC: Epileptic Alucinosis. There increases the cerebral activity corresponding to a certain area. The epileptic one realizes that the perception is abnormal (typical of the temporary epilepsy). The thrombosis also can produce phenomena alucinósicos.
- Alterations of the level of conscience:
a) illusions on having fallen asleep / to wake up,
b) confused - oneiric syndrome: the subject hallucinates, sees images with sound and sensibility loaded with colors and movement. The subject can realize the unreality of what it perceives (it depends on the confusion - conscience grade).
- Affective changes: Depression, anxiety. If hallucinations happen they denote that they are serious in those that it would be necessary to deepen in search of a possible psychotic disorder.
- Psychotic disorders: schizophrenia (more well-known and widespread psychosis). Two types:
a) Alucinosis: visual and auditory;
b) pseudohallucinations.
- Senso-social isolation / Deprivation: as for example, a sequestration. This situation generates all kinds of psychic alterations, produces hallucinations of amnesic type, visual...
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DEFINITION 
