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 DEFINITION
The allergy to medicines is a reaction produced by the capture of a product, which he does not answer to the pharmacological effects of the same one, which is unpredictable and which is reproduced by small quantities of the same one. It is an adverse reaction for medicines that is framed inside the same ones but with characteristics well definite and different from other adverse reactions.
ADVERSE REACTIONS FOR MEDICINES
A) PREDICTABLE: Related to the action of the medicine and dependent on his dose.
Sobredosificación.
The administration of high doses of certain medicines they produce renal, hepatic or intestinal alterations.
Collateral effects.
There are the caused ones by pharmacological actions of the medicine not searches or wished, and his prototype is represented by the drowsiness caused by the antihistamines H1.
Side effects.
They are tied to the principal pharmacological action of the medicine, for example, the development gastritis (anti-inflammatory) by AINE.
Pharmacological interactions
- Additive effect (Cimetidina and antihistamines alterations of the ECG).
- Interaction fisicoquímica (unactivation for the miscellany in wheys)
- Gastrointestinal absorption (interaction antacids and AINE)
- Competition for ligandos plasmatic (clofibrato and cumarínicos)
- Alteration of the metabolism (cimetidina and teofilinas)
- Alteration of the excretion (bicarbonate and phenobarbital)
- Teratotoxicidad, diverse medicines in the gestation
B) NOT PREDICTABLE: Not related to the action of the medicine, but rather of the answer of the individual.
- Intolerance. Parkinsonismo for true antivertiginous
- Idiosyncrasy. Qualitatively anomalous effect and without immune base (Asthma for Aspirin)
- Allergy. Qualitatively anomalous effect and with demonstrable immune base (anafilaxia for penicillin)
TYPES OF ALLERGIES TO MEDICINES
In this section we are going to treat about the most frequent allergy pictures to medicines, knowing that other reactions exist and are not described in the topic.
1. HIVES
The hives is characterized by ronchas eruption or habones of variable size and location, with an evolution of 24-48 hours. In most of the cases one associates an angioedema (edema angioneurótico or of Quincke), which instead of itch provokes sensation of weight or tension, and distortion of the face.
Medicines that produce allergic hives:
ACTH. Acid acetilsalicílico. Aminoglucósidos. Amoxicilina. Anesthetic places (of the group PARA). Anovulants. Antidepressants tricíclicos. Barbiturate. Benzodiacepinas. Bleomicina. Calcitonina. Captopril. Carbamazepina. Cefalosporinas. Ciclofosfamida. On this side of the Rio de la Plata. Clindamicina. Clonidina. Cloramfenicol. Iodized contrasts. Daunorrubicina. Dicumarínicos. Difenilhidantoína. Digitalis. Dipirona. Mercurial diuretics. Doxorrubicina. Ergotamina. Estreptodornasa. Estreptoquinasa. Etambutol. Etilclorovinol. Etosuximida. Etilendiamina. Fenotiazinas. Heparina. Chloral hydrate. Indometacina. Insulin. Isoniazida. L-asparraginasa. Levamisol. Meprobamato. Metacualona. Metoclopramida. Metronidazol. Miconazol. Naproxén. Nitrofurantoína. Penicilinas. Pentazocina. Piperazina. Polimixina B. Procainamida. Procarbazina. Propiltiouracilo. Propranolol. Quinidina. Quinine. Ranitidina. Rifampicina. Blood completes. Wheys. Sulfamidas. Tetraciclinas. Tiabendazol. Tiazidas. Tragacanto. TSH. You vaccinate. Vancomicina. Vitamin B12.
2. ANAFILAXIA
It is a general reaction of the organism after the contact, application or the capture of a medicine, which appears of immediate form (5-10 minutes) in the shape of itch in the palms of the hands and plants of the feet, general heat, eruption in the skin with formation of habones, sensation of thick language and certain difficulty to swallow, make difficult to breathe, cough, hisses in the breast and fatigue, tachycardia, vomiting, intestinal movements, anxiety.
If after this picture he persists and does not talk each other there will appear a violet coloration of the lips and skin of the fingernails, low blood pressure and cardiac arrhythmia, and brought in in shock, with loss of conscience and exitus.
The incidence of anafilaxia (allergic shock) is known as regards the penicillin from 10 to 50 by every 100.000 injections, and of these fatal reactions are from 100 to 500 per year in USA.
Medicines that they produce anafilaxia:
ACTH. Acid acetilsalicílico. Aminoglucósidos. Amoxicilina. Anesthetic places (of the group PARA). Anovulants. Antidepressants tricíclicos. Barbiturate. Benzodiacepinas. Bleomicina. Calcitonina. Captopril. Carbamazepina. Cefalosporinas. Ciclofosfamida. On this side of the Rio de la Plata. Clindamicina. Clonidina. Cloramfenicol. Iodized contrasts. Daunorrubicina. Dicumarínicos. Difenilhidantoína. Digitalis. Dipirona. Mercurial diuretics. Doxorrubicina. Ergotamina. Estreptodornasa. Estreptoquinasa. Etambutol. Etilclorovinol. Etosuximida. Etilendiamina. Fenotiazinas. Heparina. Chloral hydrate. Indometacina. Insulin. Isoniazida. L-asparraginasa. Levamisol. Meprobamato. Metacualona. Metoclopramida. Metronidazol. Miconazol. Naproxén. Nitrofurantoína. Penicilinas. Pentazocina. Piperazina. Polimixina B. Procainamida. Procarbazina. Propiltiouracilo. Propranolol. Quinidina. Quinine. Ranitidina. Rifampicina. Blood completes. Wheys. Sulfamidas.Tetraciclinas.Tiabendazol.Tiazidas. Tragacanto. TSH. You vaccinate. Vancomicina. Vitamin B12
3. EXANTHEMAS VESICULO AMPOLLOSOS
3.1. MULTIFORM ERITEMA
It is a cutaneous reaction with injuries in his beginning there are simple spots or pápulas hoar-frost or eritematosas, sometimes of aspect urticarial; generally they evolve in his central region adopting at this level a dropsical aspect and therefore, raised, of violet dark tone and enclosed aspect ampolloso with persistence of the peripheral rim eritematoso (injuries in rosette or reveille).
There can be itch or sensation of intense heat associated, and his distribution is typical of this dermatosis lesional symmetrical.
The causes are diverse, sometimes it appears like a symptom of infection or activation of certain microorganisms (simple herpes, Mycoplasma, bacteria) and others are for allergy mechanisms to medicines.
Medicines that they produce eritema polymorphous or multiform:
Alopurinol AINE. (anti-inflammatory not esteroideos): acid acetilsalicílico, fenilbutazona, ibuprofén, meclofenamato, piroxicam, sulindac, zomepirac. Barbiturate. Benzodiacepinas. Busulfán. Carbamazepina. Cefalosporinas. Cimetidina. Clindamicina. Cloroquina. Clorpropamida. Codeine. Difenilhidantoína. Eritromicina. Streptomycin. Estrogen. Etambutol. Etosuximida. Fenotiazinas. Fenolftaleína. Furosemida. Glutetimida. Griseofulvina. Hidralazina. Isoniazida. Ketoconazol. Mecloretamina. Metotrexato. Miconazol. Minoxidil. Nitrogenous mustards. Acid nalidíxico. D-penicilamina. Penicilinas. Prazosín. Propiltiouracilo. Propranolol. Quinines.
3.2. POISONOUS EPIDERMAL NECROLISIS (SYNDROME OF LYELL)
It is a reaction in the shape of eritema generalized, formation of big blisters (as if there were burns) despegamiento epidermal and a high mortality.
The medicines that can produce it are:
- sulfamidas
- pirazolonas
- hidantoínas
- penicillin
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DEFINITION 
